-
yes, it influences people but not directly / use media at different times
uses and gratifications
-
stimulus response model
- short term
- single message - individual reciever - reaction
- response: implies interaction with reciever and also learning process
- reaction: implies no choice or interaction on part of reciever
-
collective reatsion
war of the worlds
-
campaign
- clear aims
- intense and wide
- several channels
- short time span
- collective sponsorship
- shared values
- open to assessment
-
social constructivist approach
- newer
- media construct social formation by framing reality
-
process where mass media creates set of social norms and behaviors by which individual members of society are expected to construct their own identities. learn how to interact through media
socialization
-
can't control people by force, must control what people think
chomsky's propaganda model
-
company owning and managing several unrelated operations / creating media brand
conglomeration and synergy
-
firm attempt to have as large a % in idustry output as possible
horizontal integration
-
the merging together of 2 businesses that are at different stages of production (sumer market - farm)
vertical integration
-
horiz and vert effects?
- commercially driven media
- lack of diversity
- slower innovation
- sensoring views
-
humans are storytellers / different than giving an argument / helps understand the world
narrative paradigm
-
objective truthful message
transmission model
-
constitute a community and reaffirm shared values
ritual model
-
complaints about press?
- event driven
- negative
- detached
- official
-
educational and objective
information journalism
-
watchdog role
investigation journalism
-
goes beyond giving info (explains)
analysis journalism
-
link private troubles with public issues
social empathy journalism
-
letter to editor / op-ed piece
fublic forum journalism
-
partisan / advocacy journalism
mobilization journalism
-
teach how democracy works
political teacher journalism
-
serious news programming that is timely and objective
hard news
-
info entertainment with some concern for disseminating news
soft news
-
evening news / new hour / cobert report / saturday night live
continuum
-
emphasizingdramatic and sensational human interest stories, intended primarily to appeal to an entratinment-seeking audience
cheap framing
-
one means of minimizing the cost associated with paying attention to low benefit political information might be to attach to low cost entertainment-oriented info
piggybacking
-
put the question to the people and let them vote
majoritarismism
-
officials take note to expressed preferences of citizens but put them through an analytic filter to produce optimal results
elite representation
-
giving priorities to alternative policy issues. influence both the public and policy. "not what to think but what to think about
agenda setting
-
limitation of agenda setting
- media cred
- conflicting evidence
- individual with different news values
- competition
-
the way in which media by highlighting some aspects of an event or issue and ignoring others can influence how people think about an issue
framing
-
-
interpret
diagnose causes
-
evaluate
suggest remedies
-
define effects / donditions as problematic / identify causes / convey moral judgement / endorse remedies and improvements
substantive framing
-
suggests evals of political leaders based on techniques, success and representativeness
procedural framing
-
controlled by elite and frame becomes norm
hegemony
-
media shows how elite compete over frame
intex
-
admisistration / other elites / media / news / public
cascade model
-
public opinion problems?
- wording of polls
- sampling errors
- nonresponse errors
- knowledge distribution
-
cannot grab a certain sample of people (no phone)
sampling error
-
no matter how hard you try to sample, some peope are uncomfortable responding
non-responding error
-
actually happens in world
Public Affairs
-
images in your head (personal)
public opinion
-
distorted view of idea due to many personal images
Public Opinion
-
dialogue takes place in between 2 polls, people opinions change significantly
deliberative polling
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