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the struggle of individuals within a community who must negotiate the governing of who gets what, when, where, and how. It encompasses governmental institutions and social practices
politics
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- written by james madison
- drafted after virginia model
- congress, executive, judicial, states, amendments, supreme law, ratification
constitution
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a government in which a scheme of representation takes place (constitution)
republic
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counting and assessment of citizens preferences
aggregative democracy
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government by the people / soverign power resides in the people as whole and exercised directly by them or by elected officers / all have equal rights (mob)
democracy
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reasoned discussion b/w all citizens resulting in an aggrement based on citizenship
deliberative democracy
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explicity directed by represented do the wishes of their constitutency
delegates
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rep have interpretive indiscretion / good deal of automony
trustees
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human use of symbols, both language and non language within a context to influence or persuade others
rhetoric (aristotle)
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why is rhetoric bad?
- no action or substance
- plays on emotions
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elements of rhetoric?
- use of symbols
- human enterprise
- persuasion influence
- audience centered
- situational
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what are signs?
combination of signifier and signified
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cause / association (smoke and fire)
indexical
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resemblance (portrait)
iconic
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agreement or convention (stop sign)
symbolic
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"the art of using language to help people narrow their choices among specifiable if no specified policy options"
hart and daughton
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- the theory or scienve of the method or grounds of knowledge
- world is constructed through interactions between people
epistemology
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a notion of applying some sort of knowledge to some sort of text
critic
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a critics single most important tool?
clear, concise question
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critical standards
- utilitarian
- artistic
- moral
- scientific
- historical
- psychological
- political
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critical attitudes?
- skeptical
- discerning
- imaginative
- bold
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how is democracy and citizenship political?
activity that has the intent or affect of influencing government action directly or indirectly
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VAP?
voting age population
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VEP
voting eligible population
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connections among individuals - social networks and norm of repiprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them
social capital
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exclusive / limited membership / members benefits come first
bonding
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outward focused / open membership / good society comes first
bridging
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citizens have right to be informed / diversity of opinion is good for democracy
political interest
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how are ways you can transfer info?
- 1 to 1
- many to 1
- 1 to many (mass media)
- many to many
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effects
casual relationship
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effectiveness
ability to attain intended purpose
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have powerful pull and direct effect
hypodermic needle
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influences certain people who go out and effect others INDIRECTLY
secondary effect
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