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Many theorist believe that the basic challenge of modern life has become the search for?
meaning or sense of direction
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The study of behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solving practical problems?
Psychology
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The psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life?
adjustment
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An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ____ variable and observes whether any changes occur in an ___ variable as a result?
independent...dependent
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A control group consists of subjects who?
do not receive the special treatment given to the experiment group
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A correlation exists when?
there is relationship between two variables
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Which of the following ideas is not central to the concept of personality?
traits that are shared with others
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Psychodynamic theories of personality tend to focus on?
unconscious mental process
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Which of the following theoretical orientations asserts that scientific psychology should focus on the study of observable behavior?
behaviorism
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Which individual is credited with discovering operant conditioning?
B. F Skinner
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The humanistic theorist who emphasized the need for self-actualization and the hierarchical organization of needs was?
Abraham Maslow
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___ test requires people to respond to ambiguous stimuli. Inferences about needs, emotions, and personality traits are drawn from the responses?
A projective
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Routine hassles may have significant negative effects on mental and physical health?
nature of stress
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Chronic environmental conditions that place adaptive demands on people?
ambient stress
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You are a talented artist and you are good at math. You enjoy both and don't know which to major in at college. Which of the following types of conflict applies to your situation?
approach-approach
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According to your textbook, people are motivated to maintain a(n)____ view of the self?
consistent
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A mismatching of self-perception is termed?
self-discrepency
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The most likely reference group for a first year medical student would be?
first year medical students
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Both low and high self-esteem may be maintained in part by the power of?
expectations
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According to Baumrind's parental classification system, authoritative parents display?
high acceptance, high control
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Internal attributions ascribe causes of behavior to ___ factors?
personal
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The tendency to sabotage one's performance to provide an excuse for possible failure is called?
self-handicapping
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Self-efficacy is most associated with?
beliefs
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Which of the following is NOT a source of self- efficacy?
comparing one's self to others who are less fortunate
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An assessment of a _____ is most likely to be made using a snap judgement?
waiter
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The process whereby expectation about a person cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectation is called?
the self-fulfilling prophecy
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Which of the following was NOT given as a reason why sterotypes persist?
systematic judgments
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___ is a tendency to blame victims for their misfortunes, so that on efeels less likely to be victimized in a similar way?
Defensive Attribution
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An unrealistically negative attitude that is held toward a particular group of people is referred as?
prejudice
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Providing customers with free samples best illustrates which of the following compliance tactics?
reciprocity norm
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The fight-or-flight response is a reaction that begins in response to a threat. This is a ___ reactions?
involuntary
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Which of the following is the best example of "overt" activity?
jumping
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The size of an individual's personal space is related to which of the following?
situation, gender, cultural background
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We are better at sending deceptive messages with our ____ than with other body parts?
faces
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The study of communication through body movement is called?
kinesics
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Anna is speaking rapidly to Steve as she asks him out to lunch. Her paralanguage most likely conveys ___ in this situation?
anxiety
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If you think that someones behavior was caused by situational factors, you're making a?
external attributions
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The process whereby expextations about a person cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations is called?
self-fullfilling prophecy
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Which of the following is NOT consistent with the "what-is-beautiful-is-good" sterotype?
The tendency to associate attractiveness with positive qualities occurs outside the United States
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Which of the following characteristics of the source is least likely to help make persuasion successful?
Having a stake in the issue at hand
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A negative attitude toward some group?
Prejudice
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Indicated which of three lines matched a standard line in length?
Asch's studies of conformity
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The important conclusion from Milgrams study of obiedience is that?
situation is a stronger indicator of behavior than the kind of person
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The local animal shelter send you cute return address labels with cuddly kittens on them. They are hoping that you will send a donation based on the effects of compliance?
Reciprocity norm
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Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and give two personal examples to illustrate your point?
1. Modern technology has provided us with numerous time- saving devices, however we complain about not having enough time
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Define and explain the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in a psychological experiment, Give an example of each variable in an experiment you might design.
- Independent variable- is the treatment
- Dependent variable- is what is being affected or manipulated by the experiment
Example: Diet pills cause weight loss
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Discuss some of the specific aspects of Milgrim's experiment on obedience to authority that ahve led to questions about the ethic of the procedure?
Milgrim's experiment was a Q&A session if the answer was wrong the testy was petalized with a shock.
More questions the higher the voltage.
Questionaire could had stopped at anytime but they did not and continued
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Describe and explain three different Freudian defense mechanism?
Repression- keeping thoughts or distressed feeling hidden in unconcious.... forgetting about a dr appt
Displacement-one diverts their feelings to a substitute person or thing...being mad at your boss and taking it out on your spouse at home
Regression-reverting back to childhood behavior... an adult throwing a temper tantrum when they dont get their way
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Why is non verbal communication more important than verbal communication. "Lie to Me"?
Non verbal communication can show when a person is happy, sad, lying and shameful
congressman- tell story backwards to catch in lie
principal- hand in the pocket was hiding something
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Living with someone as married couple but not legally married is?
co-habitation
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Sternbergs theory of love is?
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Having all three of Stenbergs theory of love is?
consumate
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What are the 5 stages of Frueds stage of pychosxual?
- oral
- anal
- phalic
- latency
- genital
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An individual participant is studied in depth?
case study
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in psychodynamic theory, the personality component that operates according to the pleasure principle is?
ID
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Central to the Fruedian conceptualization of personality is?
How people cope with thier own sexual and aggressive urges
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Individual credited for discovering classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
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Conditioning of complex behaviors can be accomplished through?
Shaping
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Individual based his theory on the importance of the self-concept?
Carl Rogers
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The humanistic theorist who emphasized the need for self-actualization and the hierarchial organization of needs was?
Abraham Maslow
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Describe one instance of the classical conditioning that occurs in everyday life?
Being afraid of snakes as a child and hearing they are evil, and as a adult you still terrified and may even more of a phobia
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Describe the difference between positive and negative reinforcement and example?
Postitive- strengthened by positive stimulus..do good on test give them a gift
Negative- strengthened by unpleasant stimulus.. too many chores, lessen load
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An organized collection of beliefs about the self?
Self-concept
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GAD, Phobic disorder, Panic disorder, OCD and Post traumatic stress disorder belong to what group?
Anxiety Disorder
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Somatization disorder(nuerological), paralysis,hypochondriacs belong to what group?
Somatoform Disorder
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Amnesia, Fugue, and DID belong to what group?
Dissociative disorder
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Major depressive disorder and bipolar belong to what group?
Mood Disorder
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Hallucinations, paranoid, subtypes and delusions belong to what group?
Schizophrenic Disorder
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Anorexia and Bulimia belong to what group?
Eating Disorder
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