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hypoglycemia
abnomally low blood glucose level
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hyperglycemia
abnormally high blood glucose level
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seizures
interruption of normal brain function caused by burstsof abnormal electrical signals in the brain
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stroke
occurs when the blood supply to an area of the brain is interrupted.
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Diabetes
when the pancreas won't produce enough insulin or when the body loses its ability to utilize insulin properly
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insulin
hormone required for the transfer of glucose from the blood to the tissues and cells where it can be used for fuel
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
hypERglycemic condition where the absence of insulin causes the body to metabolize other sources of energy such as fat. Blood become acidic, breath smells fruity, and AMS occurs.
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diabetic coma
AMS from untreated hyPERglycemia. same as diabetic ketoacidosis
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Insulin Shock
too low blood glucose levels cause shock. usually too much insulin and not enough food, or too much exercise
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Signs of hyPERglycemia
AMS, urination, thirst, nasea, vomiting, headache, fruity odor, hot dry skin, unresponsive, rapid, deep respirations.
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Signs of hyPOglycemia
Rapid AMS, hunger, slurred speech, appearing intoxicated, confusion, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, irritablility, cool, clammy skin, tachycardia, seizures, unresposiveness
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Normal Blood glucose range
75-120
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Grand Mal Seizure
Involves 3 phases: tonic, clonic and postictal
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Tonic phase
voluntary muscles contracting.
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clonic phase
intermittent contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles
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postictal phase
depressed consciousness and confusion. Drowsy, headache.
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focal seizures
seizures that don't involve the whole brain. May only affect a portion of the body or cause AMS
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Status Epilepticus
rapid succession of seizures with no period of consciousness or a long seizure
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Petit Mal seizure
brief lapses of attention and awareness 10-20 seconds. Eyes sometimes turn upward, eyelids sometimes flutter.
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transient ischemic attack (TIA)
reversible episode of neurologic dysfunction that lasts a few minutes to a few hours.
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ischemic stroke
occlusion of an artery that deprives the brain. caused by blood clots. Tx with clot busting drugs
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hemorrhagic stroke
caused by rupture of an artery with bleeding onto or into the brain. Hypertension is most common cause, can be fatal at onset. made worse with clot busting drugs.
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Signs and Symptoms of a stroke
AMS, numbness, weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, facial droop, abnormal or unequal pupils, abnormal vision, severe headache, nausea, vomiting dizziness, seizures
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