-
Gram positive rods
- Clostridium
- Corynebacterium
- Bacillus
- Listeria
-
Giemsa stains these
- Borrelia
- Plasmodium
- Trypanosomes
- Chlamydia
-
Silver stain for these
Fungi and legionella
-
Ziehl-Neelsen stains these
acid-fast organisms
-
India ink stains this
Cryptococcus neoformans
-
Tellurite plate, Loffler's media grows this
C. diphtheriae
-
Lowenstein-Jensen agar for this
TB
-
Eaton's agar for this
M. pneumoniae
-
Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine grows
Legionella
-
Sbouraud's agar grows
fungi
-
obligate intracellular bugs
rickettsia, chlamydia
-
Facultative intracellular bugs
- Salmonella
- neisseria
- Brucella
- Mycobacterium
- Listeria
- Francisella
- Legionella
-
Encapsulated bacteria
- Kleb
- Salmonella
- Strep pneumoniae
- Haemophilus
- Neisseria meningitidis
-
Urease-positive bugs
- Proteus
- Kleb
- H. pylori
- Ureaplasma
-
Bugs with IgA protease
- S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- Neisseria
-
Novobiocin
- Saprophyticus is resistant
- Epidermidis is sensitive
-
Optochin
- Viridians is resistant
- Pneumoniae is sensitive
-
Bacitracin
- Group B are resistant
- Group A are sensitive
-
Grow in 6.5% salt
enterococci (group D strep)
-
Diptheria's exotoxin does this
Inhibits protein syntehsis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
-
MacConkey's agar grows these
- lactose-fermenting enterics
- Citrobacter, Kleb, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia
-
Required for haemophilus culture
- chocolate agar wtih V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
- it likes growing with beta hemolytic organisms
-
Red currant jelly sputum
Kleb
-
Rose spots on abdomen
Salmonella typhi
-
Flulike symptoms, jaundice, and photophobia in the tropics
leptospira interrogans (Weil's disease)
-
cat scratch fever
bartonella
-
undulant fever from dairy or animals
brucella
-
tick, rabits, or deer
francisella tularensis
-
rickettsiae need these
CoA and NAD+
-
palm and sole rash
- Coxsackievirus A (hand foot mouth)
- Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
- Syphilis
-
These bugs share antigens, used for diagnosis
Rickettsia and proteus
-
Types of chlamydia
- A,B, and C: Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection
- D-K: GU, neonatal, etc
- L1-3: lymphogranuloma venereum (acute lymphadenitis, positive Frei)
-
Membrane has cholesterol
mycoplasma pneumoniae
-
Define cocci, cryptococcus, cryptosporidium
- Cocci: fungus that clusters
- Cryptococcus: yeast found in soil and pigeon droppings. india ink, meningitis.
- Cryptosporidium: acid-fast cysts; protozoal diarrhea in AIDS
-
-
bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain
entamoeba histolytica
-
Congenital toxoplasmosis
- Chorioretinitis
- Hydrocephalus
- Intracranial calcifications
-
Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis; amoebas in spinal fluid
Naegleria fowleri
-
Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence
African sleeping sickness from trypanosoma
-
Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus in south america
Chagas disease from Trypanosoma
-
fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia; macros have amastigotes
Leishmania donovni
-
RBC maltese cross; fever and emolytic anemia in NE US
babesia from tick
-
greenish vaginal discharge
Trichomonas vaginalis
-
squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Schistosoma
-
undercooked fish, biliary inflammation, cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
-
crab meet with hemoptysis
paragonimus westermani
-
larvae cause vitamin B12 deficiency
diphyllobothrium latum
-
liver cysts
echinococcus granulosus
-
perianal pruritis
enterobius
-
brain cysts and seizures
taenia solium (cysticercosis) from pork
-
portal hypertension
schistosoma mansoni
-
All DNA viruses except this are dsDNA
parvoviridae
-
These DNA viruses have circular genomes
- papilloma
- polyoma
- hepadnaviruses
-
All RNA viruses except this are single stranded
Reoviridae
-
All viruses are haploid except these
retroviruses
-
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except this
Poxvirus
-
All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except these
influenza and retroviruses
-
nonenveloped viruses
- Naked CPR and PAPP smear
- Calici Picorna Reo
- Parvo Adeno Papilloma Polyoma
-
The only virus which gets its envelope from nuclear membrane
Herpesviruses
-
the DNA viruses
- Hepadna Herpes
- Adeno
- Pox Parvo Papilloma Polyoma
-
Virus causing PML in HIV
polyoma (dsDNA)
-
virus causing molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus
-
aseptic meningitis
echovirus (picorna, RNA)
-
coxsackievirus family/structure
it's a picornavirus, non-enveloped
-
norwalk virus
calicivirus (RNA)
-
diseases caused by flavivirus (RNA virus)
HCV, yellow fever, dengue, st.louis encephalitis, west nile virus
-
diseases caused by togaviruses
Rubella (German measles), EEE, WEE
-
Paramyxovirus diseases
- parainfluenza
- RSV
- Measles (Rubeola)
- Mumps
-
negative-stranded viruses
- Bring their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- Arena, bunya, paramyxo, orthomyxo, filo, rhabdo
-
differentiate rubella, rubeola, roseola
- Rubella: German 3-day measles, togavirus, fine truncal rash, serious if congenital
- Rubeola: paramyxovirus, measles, head to toe rash and Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
- Roseola: herpesvirus (HHV-6), high fever and diffuse rash
-
F protein
Fusion protein, paramyxoviruses, causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells (croup, mumps, measles)
-
hepatitis viruses
- HAV: RNA picorna virus, nonenveloped
- HBV: DNA hepadnavirus
- HCV: RNA flavivirus
- HDV: lame
- HEV: RNA hepevirus, the only one. non-enveloped
-
-
IgG HBcAb
chronic disease
-
IgG hep A antibody
protective against reinfection
-
IgM hep A antibody
active Hep A
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