Protect the spinal cord and aid locomation by resisting compression and providing attachments for muscles
What is the role of the vertebral column in fishes compared to terrestrial animals?
Helps fish swim in water (relatively dense medium)In terrestrial animals, the vertebral column is more important for supporting the body (not supported by buoyancy of water)
where are the trunk and caudal vertebrate?
Trunk vertebrate are near the head, caudal vertebrate are near the tail
What is the difference between hemal and neural spines on the vertebrate?
Hemal spine form an arch on the ventral side and allow a blood vessel to pass throughNeural spines provide large areas for muscle attachements Neural is on the top, hemal is on the bottom
What are the functions of the different sections of vertebrae? (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal)
Cervical (neck) = allows movement of head (fish don't have discrete cerv. vert)Thoracic (ribs) = move in ventilation and transfer weight of the cranial portion of the trunk to the pectoral girdle Lumbar (cranial to pelvic girdle, ribs are reduced and fused to vertebate) = allows flexibility Sacral (hip?) = transfers weight of posterior part of body to pelvic girdleCaudal (tail) = tails can be used for locomotion balance, signaling, etc
What is the noctarium?
It's a bone that serves as a fulcrum for wing action
Which vertebrae are fused to form the notarium in birds?
Trunk
What is the synsacrum?
bone made of the fusion of trunk and sacral verterbae that attaches to the pelvic girdle
What is the pygostyle?
In birds, it it the fusion of caudal vertebrae where large feathers attach
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
Limbs and the girdles
What makes up the pectoral girdle in humans?
scapula and clavicle
In fishes, where is the pectoral girdle located?
They're usually anchored to the back of the skull by a bone
Where are the anal, pelvic, pectoral, and dorsal fins?
Dorsal = on back, pelvic = on belly, anal = bottom tail end, pectoral = behind skull
In the fish, does the pelvic girdle articulate with the vertebral column?
No
What is the pelvic symphysis?
The midline cartilanginous joint that unites the left and right of the pelvic bones
What is the role of the pectoral girdle in birds?
Acts as a brace against the rigorous up and down strikes of the wing
Where is the clavicle and scapula on this picture?
Clavicle is the V-shaped bone on the front. The scapula is below the clavicle
Do most terrestrial mammals have clavicles and corocoids?
No.
What is a synsacrum?
Where the trunk vertebrae have fused with the sacral vertebrae for the attahchement of the pelvic girdle
