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What happens to muscles when you have too much or too little K+?
flaccid; weakness.
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What happens to your tendon reflexes when you have high ca++ and mag?
depressed
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what happens to your deep tendon reflexes when you have low calcium and mag?
hyperactive
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what is chovsteks sign?
sign of tetany. you touch face, face twitches.
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what is trousseau's sign?
sign of latent tetany. wrist is flexed.
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if they have no bowel sounds, what is their K+ look like?
decreased.
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If they are constipated, what does their ca and K look like?
low K; high calcium
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if they have diarrhea, what does their K look like?
too much.
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what is pyloric stenosis?
muscles of the pylorus (opening that lets stomach empty into the small intestine) is thick. won't let it do it. child vomits.
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what is the most common dehydration?
isonatremic dehydration.
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what is isonatremic dehydration?
where the amount lost in ICF and ECF is the same.
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Child is dehydrated with acidosis. Can lead to what?
shock
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How many US kids die annually from dehydration
300-500
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How many kids die world wide from dehydration?
5 million
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child has a fluid volume deficit. is the hgb, hct, bun up or down?
up.
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child has a fluid volume excess. hgb, hct, bun is up or down?
down
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what do you do with a mild to moderate dehydrated child?
oral rehydration 50-100ml/kg
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what do you do with a child that is severely dehydrated?
LR or NS or D5 1/2 NS bolus 10-20ml/kg
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what is the leading cause of illness in children <5yo?
diarrhea
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diarrhea is mostly caused my infections. what is the most common one?
rotovirus
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why is diarrhea so dangerous? what are the two major consequences?
if circulatory status is imparied = shock
it could lead to acid-base imbalance = acidosis
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if the shit sample has a ph <6, what does that mean?
lactase deficiency.
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when is the rotovirus vaccine given to a child?
2, 4, 6, months
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what is croup? what kinda respiratory acid or alk?
swollen vocal cords. barking cough. resp acid.
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what does a kid with mild dehydration look like?
everything WNL. only slight thirst.
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what does vitals on a kid with moderate dehydration look like?
- slightly increase pulse.
- normal to low BP.
- dry mucous membranes
- slow cap refil
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what does a kid with severe dehydration look like.
- tachycardia, tachypnea
- skin dry.
- cracked lips
- cap refil >4
- absent NVD
- looks like shit.
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what is the leading cause of illness in children <5
acute diarrhea
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do clear liquids provide necessary electrolytes?
negs
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say YES or NO to BRAT?
NO
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