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What is the saying for the cranial nerves?
- On
- Old
- Olympus
- Towering
- Tops
- A
- Finn
- And
- German
- Viewed
- Some
- Hops
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What does On Old Olympus Tower Tops A Finn and German Viewed Some Hops stand for?
- -On = Olfactory- I.
- -Old = Optic- II.
- -Olympus =Oculomotor- III.
- -Towering = Trochlear- IV.
- -Tops = Trigeminal- V.
- -A = Abducens- VI.
- -Finn = Facial- VII.
- -And = Acoustic- VIII.
- -German = Glossopharyngeal- IX.
- -Viewed = Vagus-X
- -Some = Spinal Accessory- XI.
- -Hops = Hypoglossal- XII.
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What are the functions of the cranial nerves?
- I & II: smell and visual acuity
- III, IV & VI: extraocular movements *oculocephalic response * oculovestibular response
- V & VII: corneal reflex; facial movements
- VIII: sound articulation
- IX & X: cough, gag, swallow
- XI:neck and head movement
- XII: tongue movement
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What part of the nervous system does autonomic fall under?
Peripheral nervous system and involuntary nervous system
-
What does the Thalamus do?
-Relay station
-Sensory pathways form synapses on way to cerebral cortex
-
What is Wernicke’s area for?
language comprehension (temporal)
-
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
- •Motor control
- •Coordination
- •Sensory perception
-
What are the two motor neurons and where are they contained?
Ø Upper Motor Neurons: contained within CNS • Ex. Corticospinal, corticobulbar, and extrapyramidal tracts.
- Lower Motor Neurons: contained
- within PNS • Ex. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves
- of PNS
-
What are the types of reflexes?
- -Deep tendon reflexes (myotatic), e.g., knee jerk
- -Superficial, e.g., corneal reflex, abdominal reflex
- -Visceral, e.g., pupillary response to light
- -Pathologic (abnormal), e.g., Babinski’s reflex or extensor plantar reflex
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What can people experience sometimes before they have a seizure?
Aura
-
Where is the location of where most breast cancer occurs?
Upper outer
-
What can black tarry stools mean?
- Old dried blood in the stool, mean a GI problem
- typically a higher problem
-
What is adduction?
Movement toward the midline
-
What is abduction?
Movement away from the midline
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What is JVD rigidity indicative of?
Right heart failure
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What kind of control is the anal sphincter under?
Voluntary control
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What doe the frontal lobe control?
Emotions and personality
-
What are common signs of osteoarthritis?
- unilateral, more common in joints with previous
- trauma, feel good in the morning but the more they use the joint the worse it feels
-
What are common signs of rheumatoid arthritis?
genetic, progressive, usually bilateral with pain in the morning and it gets better when you use the joint
-
What is Stereognosis?
the faculty of perceiving and understanding the form and nature of objects by the sense of touch
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What is a dermatome?
the area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single posterior spinal root.
-
How do you grade muscle strength?
with resistance and grade it out of 5, symmetrical
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What junction is visible at the base of the neck?
C7-T1
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Where does the end of the scapula fall?
Between T7 and T8
-
What vertebrae is below the iliac crest?
L4
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What do tendons do?
They connect Bone to muscle
-
What do ligaments do?
Bone to bone
-
What do you never do with the musculoskeletal system?
Purcuss or auscultate
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What structure is injured with a sprain?
Ligaments
-
What structure is injured with a strain?
Tendons
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Which structure has the most ligaments?
Ankle
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What are the three sections of the foot?
Forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot
-
What is the order of examining the musculoskeletal system?
Inspection, palpation, range of motion and muscle strength
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What is Presbyobia?
Old age vision loss (farsightedness)
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What is presbycusis?
Old age hearing loss
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What is Gynecomastia?
during adolescence, it is common for breast tissue to temporarily enlarge
-
Are Supernumerary Nipples normal findings?
Yes
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What is Tanner stage?
is a scale of physical development in children, adolescents and adults, based on pubic hair
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What part of the finger do you use when examining the breast?
Fingerpads of the middle three fingers
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What is a better screening for prostate cancer than PSA?
Digital rectal exam
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If MD asks you to perform orthostatics on your patient, how would you expect the
blood pressure and pulse to change if they were to test positive?
blood pressure decreases, pulse increases
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If a patient is concerned about possible kidney stones, what type of pain would
expect them to be experiencing?
visceral pain
-
Which highly vascular endocrine glad straddles
the trachea in the middle of the neck?
Thyroid
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The patient presents with unilateral paralysis
of the left facial muscles when asked to smile. What would you suspect has taken place?
CVA (stroke)
-
Which cranial nerves are responsible for eye movement?
III, IV, VI
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PERRLA is an important part of examination for which aspect of the body?
eye
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Increased tactile fremitus would be evident in an individual who has which of the following conditions:
Pneumonia
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Inspiration is primarily facilitated by which of the following muscles?
Diaphragm and intercostals
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What is S1 created by?
closing of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
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What is JVD indicative of?
Right sided heart failure
-
A patient presents with a distended abdomen.
Inspection yields a single curve and taut glistening skin, auscultation yields normal bowel sounds over the intestines, palpation is limited due increased intra-abdominal pressure, and percussion yields both tympany and dullness. The patient most likely has/is:
Ascites
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What is the best pulse location to test peripheral circulation?
Brachial, femoral and radial
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Mechanisms that control the movement of venous blood?
Muscle contraction, valves and pressure from ventilation
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Which test should be preformed a patient has senioneural hearing loss?
Weber and Rinne test
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