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Name 3 surface membrane barriers?
Skin, mucus, saliva
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Name any 2 cellular defenses
phagocytes, NK cells, lysosomes
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Phagocytes in the liver are called
Keffer cells
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Phagocytes in the skin are called
langerhans
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Phagocytes in connective tissue are called
histocytes
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Phagocytes engulf antigen and become_______ and combine with lysosomes to form________.
phagosomes, phagolysosme
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Phagocytes can be formed from
neutrophils
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Neutrophils produce a chemical by the name
defensins
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Generation of free radicals is by
respiratory burst
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Difference between neutrofhils and phagocytes
Neutrophils destory and phagocytes survive
-
Coating of antigens with chemicals by phagocytes is called
opsonization
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Null cells are also called ______ and______
NK cells or 3rd population cells
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5 cardinal signs of inflammation
heat, pain, swelling, redness, impair
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Primary role of inflammatory chemicals is to
dilate small vessels
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Name 4 inflammatory chemicals
histamine, kinin, PG's, complement, lymphokine
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Lining of phagocytes near the wall of the blood vessel is called
margination
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Movement of phagocytes from the vessel to the inflammatory area is
diapedesis
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Pus is
neutrophiles, tiessue, pathogens
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If inflammation fails______ is formed.
Abcess
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Name 2 antimicrobial proteins
complement, interferon
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Factors B,D,and P are
complements
-
Interferon role in immunity is to
stop viral replication
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Lymphocytes produce____interferon where as leukocytes produce_______
gamma, alpha
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Fever is caused by the chemical_______secreted by______
Pyrogen, macrophages
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B and T lymphocytes mature in ______ and _______ respectively.
thymus, bursa
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Self tolerance is due to the presence of _______, a base for lymphocyte education.
self antigens
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Incomplete antigens are called_______
Haptens
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Incomplete antigens can combine with body proteins to produce_____
valence
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Active antigenic determinants on anitgen is indicated by the word_________
Valence
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PVC is used in hip replacement because of its
O'valence
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Pulling all antigenic sites on to the receptors of B cells is called________
capping
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Memory cells are the descendants of_____born the process of_______
B-Lymphocytes, clonal selection
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Weak antigens are also called as________ antigens
attenuated
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Antibodies are also called as________and these are______-proteins
immunoglobins, soluble
-
An anitbody has ____chains
four
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IgD and IgM are found on
b-cell receptors
-
The type of anitbody that is first released due to immune response is
IgM
-
Most abudent anitbody in the body is
IgG
-
IgA is primarily in_____secretions
mucus
-
Trounble maker anitbody is
IgE
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The antobodies which fixes the complement are _____ and ______
Igm and IgG
-
Antobody diversity is not due to genes but due to _____ recombination
Somatic
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Agglutination is due to
IgM
-
Precipitation process is due to
insoluble proteins
-
B lymphocytes are fused to tumor cells to form
hybridoma
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High purity and high specificity is shown by ______ antibodies
monoclonal
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Name the 3 types of T cells involved in immune response
cytotoxic, helper, suppressor
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CD4 cells are
primary cells
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CD8 cells are _____ & ______
cytotoxic and suppressor
-
Activated T cells release soluble glycoproteins called _____ or ______
cytokines or lymphokines
-
Macrophages release ______ which stimulate T cells
monokines
-
T cell proliferation is aided by
I12
-
______ are called the Directors of the immune system
helper t-cells
-
Cytotoxic T cells directly attack antigens by a process called
lethal hit
-
The toxin that is released by cytotoxic T cells into the target cell is
perforin
-
Non sensitized T cells become activated to cytotxic T cells is
Interferon
-
Uncontrolled autoimmune response is prevented by the action of
suppressor T-cell
-
Transplant of tissue on the same person from different sites is called
autografts
-
Transplant of tissue from one person to the other is
allograft
-
Transplant of organs between twins is
isograft
-
Interspecies transplants of tissue or organs comes under the category of _____ grafts
xeno
-
Intraspecies transplants are called
allografts
-
One of the widely and commonly used immunosuppressive drug is
Cyclosporine
-
Thymic aplasia is due to
undeveloped thymus
-
Hodgkins disease is due to
lymph cancer
-
Deficit of both B and T cells causes
SCID
-
Fetal tissue transplant to the adult of same species is an example for
allografts
-
An antigen eliciting a normal immune response is called
allergen
-
Anaphylaxis is caused by
IgE and allergen crosslink
-
Anaphylactic shock symptoms can be reversed by
epinephrines
-
Anaphylaxis an be cured by this class of drugs
antihistamines
-
Farmers lung and mushroom growers lung are examples of
Type III
-
Mismatched transfussions is an example of
Type II
-
Spontaneous allergy to enviromental antigens is called
atopy
-
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of
Type II
-
Autoimmune thrombocytes is a disorder caused by
destruction of platelets
-
Opiate neuropeptides can act both as _____ and _____
neural and immuno stimulant
-
Pruple lesions of the skin in Aids patients is called
Kaposis sarcoma
-
Normal CD4 cell count is in the range of
600-1200
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