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An electric servo altimeter is driven by data from
The air data computer
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Altimeter errors due installation?
- Instrument error
- pressure error
- time lag
- Hysteresis error
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Pressure error increases as speed increases until?
Speeds around mach one as the bow wave has passed the static source, min error
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Hysteresis error is caused by?
imperfect elastic response under extreme conditions of climb and descent
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Barometric error hight to low?
low to high?
- high to low = over read
- low to high= under read
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With equal pressure in a column of cold air the altimeter will?
Read high
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In a column of equal pressure in warmer then isa temp the altimeter will?
Under read
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When a static vent becomes blocked the altimeter will ?
Indicated the height at which the blockage occurred.
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True altitude calculation formula?
- calculate PH of aircraft
- determine oat at aircrafts PH
- Computer true alt against oat
- find calibrated alt and read across to true altitude
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IAS is a measurement of what?
Dynamic pressure and static pressure making total pressure.
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ASI errors
- Instrument error
- Pressure error
- Compressibility error
- Density error
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Pressure error is also know as?
Position error
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Blockage of the pitot system ?
PUDSUC
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Static leak will cause the ASI to?
Underread
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A mach-meter incorporates what ?
Altimeter with an airspeed indicator.
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Temp sensing is only required when measuring the relationship between Mach and ?
TAS
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The vsi will indicate? With a static blockage.
Zero
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When the VSI glass is broken in the event of a blocked static line the altimeter on descent will?
Over read
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When the VSI glass is broken in the event of a blocked static line the vsi will indicate
In reverse
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IVSI incorporates a?
dash pot or inertia operated pump?
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Electronic IVSI us data from?
The inertial navigation systems and are error free.
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Direct reading magnetic compass DIP?
Dip is caused by the center of gravity moving away from the center point as the compass is moved from the equator.
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Direct reading Magnetic compass turning error.
- ONUS over shoot north under shoot south
- SAND south accelerates north decelerates
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Advantages of the direct reading mag compass ?
Simple light weight and no power required
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Disadvantages of the direct reading magnetic compass?
Mag deviation, turning and acceleration errors and unstable in turbulence
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With a gyroscope apparent drift is ?
Real drift is ?
- Apparent drift is due to earth transport
- Real drift is caused by bearing friction etc
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A latitude nut is a compensation for which drift?
Apparent drift
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Name three components in a RMI
- Flux valve
- gyroscope
- electronic motor
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The flux valve is located where?
Remotely to reduce magnetic deviation
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The main error associated with the RMI is ?
Deviation
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Bootstrapping is when the left RMI and the right HSI is controlled by the ______ flux valve.
Left flux valve.
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Normal operation of the RMI will indicate what in the annunciator window ?
Oscillating dot/cross display.
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Advantages of the RMI
- Can be slaved to other aircraft systems
- min turning and acceleration errors
- min mag deviation
- stable refrence
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Disadvantages of the RMI
Heavy complex and expensive.
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A radar altimeter uses _____ transmissions
Pulse
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A radio altimeter uses______ waves
Continues wave
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Due to the pulse wave on a radar altimeter the accuracy is only ?
+/- 200ft due to the length of the pulse
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Radio altimeters are used for what height indication.
Low level up to 2500 ft
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Effect of terrain on radio alt signals, what is the best surface for reliable reading.
Water, sand grass and snow will give a false reading.
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Weather radar x band is a form of primary radar which is a _____ transmission on _____ Mhz
SHF transmission on 9350 Mhz
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Weather penetration radars use the what band and what frequency ?
C band 5400Mhz
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Parabolic antennas create a what radar pattern?
Non pencil shape unlike the flat plate antenna
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The pulse length determines what in a weather radar?
The minimum range
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Pulse length on a weather radar also determines what?
Range resolution, ability to distinguish different targets at the same altitude and bearing.
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Pulse repetition frequency determines the ?
Maximum range of the system
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Name 2 type of attenuation the weather radar suffers from?
- Range attenuation due to the signal deterioration proportional to the square of the distance.
- Precipitation attenuation due to weather absorbing the radar and also scattering the signal.
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What is azimuth resolution.
Azimuth resolution is the radar inability to distinguish to targets from each other which are less then a beam apart.
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Large returns and close contours on a radar screen indicate?
heavy precipitation, turbulence and strong up and down draughts.
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Strange shapes on a weather radar may indicate ?
Hail
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The park position of a weather radar should indicate?
Light sprinkles of ground returns.
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Radar display colour ratings.
(1) red
(2) yellow
(3) green
- Red rain fall is greater the 12mm per hour with 25-100% lightning , severe turbulence
- Yellow rain fall is 4-12mm per hour with a 0-15% of lightning, light to moderate turbulence
- Green rain fall is 0.7-4 mm per hour with light to moderate turbulence
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