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What clinical conditions are linked to elevated levels of cholesterol?
- Atherosclerosis
- Coronary artery disease
- Increased risk for myocardial infarction
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What clinical conditions are linked to decreased levels of cholesterol?
- Liver disease
- Alcoholic cirrhosis
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What test methodology is used to measure cholesterol?
Enzymatic methodology
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What clinical conditions are associated with increased HDL?
Decreased risk of coronary artery disease
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What clinical conditions are associated with decreased HDL?
Increased risk of coronary artery disease
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What test methodologies are used to measure HDL?
- Precipitate LDL and VLDL cholesterol then assay the supernatant using enzymatic technique
- Homogeneous assay
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What clinical conditions are associated with LDL?
- Atherosclerosis
- Coronary heart disease
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What test methodologies are used to measure LDL?
- Calculation (Friedwald formula)
- Directly (Homogeneous assay)
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What is the Friedwald formula used to calculate LDL?
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What clinical conditions are associated with elevated levels of triglyceride?
- Fredrickson Type I, IIb, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemias
- Pancreatitis
- Alcoholism
- Obesity
- Hypothyroidism
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Storage diseases (Gaucher, Niemann-Pick)
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What test methodology is used to measure triglyceride?
Enzymatic methodology
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What is the major protein found in HDL and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and removes free cholesterol from extrahepatic issues?
Apo A-1
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What is Apo A-1 considered?
Antiatherogenic
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What is the major protein found in LDL and is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease?
Apo B-100
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What is an independent risk factor associated with impaired plasminogen activation and thus decrased fibrinolysis?
Lp(a)
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What do high levels of Lp(a) suggest?
Increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke
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What test methodologies are used to measure Apo-A, Apo-B, and Lp(a)?
- Immunoturbidimetric
- Immunonephelometric
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What is the reference range of Apo-A?
120-160 mg/dL
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What is the reference range of Apo-B?
<120 mg/dL
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What is the reference range of Lp(a)?
<30 mg/dL
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