chapter 9 vocab

the ability to do work or to supply heat

the 2 classifications of energy

stored energy

energy of motion

any object that is moving has

determined by its position or by the chemical bonds it contain

the energy that flows from a warmer object to a cooler one

associated with the motion of particles

the faster the particles move

the SI unit of energy and work

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius (old definition)

one calorie=

every substance can absorb

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of exactly one 1 g of a substance by exactly 1 degree Celcius

in heat calculations, the temperature change is always the difference between the

used to measure the temperature when a sample gains or loses heat

when very strong attractive forces hold the particles close together

when particles have enough energy to move freely in random directions

when the molecules move at high speed creating great distances between molecules

attractive forces between oppositely charged ends of polar molecules

when a strong attractive force occurs between the partially positive hydrogen atom and the strongly electronegative atoms F,O or N

weak dipole bonding that results from a momentary polarization of non polar molecules in a substance

nonpolar compounds form solids at

when matter is converted form one state to another state

a point when the particles in the solid gain sufficient energy to overcome the energy of the attractive forces that hold them together

change from a solid to liquid

liquid to solid

point in which a liquid becomes a solid

needed to separate the particles of a sold

when the particles on the surface of a solid absorb enough heat to change directly to a gas with no temp change

reverse process of sublimation

takes place when fast moving water molecules have enough energy to escape form the surface

when the water molecules form liquid again as attractive forces pull the together

when the particle throughout the liquid have the energy needed to change in to a gas

occurs as gas bubbles form throughout the liquid, then rise to the surface and escape

a diagram that shows the temp changes and changes of state of a substance as it is heated

a diagram  that shows temp changes and changes of states for a substance as heat is removed

amount of heat absorbed or released during a reaction that takes place at constant pressure

energy of the products is greater than that of the reactants

the products have less energy than the reactants

Unit of heat and work

amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celcius

1 cal=

1 kcal=

the amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of any substance by 1 degree celcius

S= H
    ---
    MdeltaT
     

H=SmdeltaT

3 types of Attractive forces

Weakest; found in nonpolar molecules

in polar molecules b/c of attractions between the (+) end of one molecule and the (-) end of another molecule

special Dipole-Dipole----occurs between H in one molecule and either F,O, or N in another molecule

energy needed to separtate the particles in a solid

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