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chapter 9 vocab
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the ability to do work or to supply heat
energy
the 2 classifications of energy
potential
kinetic
stored energy
potential energy
energy of motion
kinetic energy
any object that is moving has
kinetic energy
determined by its position or by the chemical bonds it contain
potential energy of an object
the energy that flows from a warmer object to a cooler one
heat
associated with the motion of particles
heat
the faster the particles move
the greater the heat or thermal energy
the SI unit of energy and work
joule (J) (jewel)
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius (old definition)
calorie
one calorie=
4.184 J
every substance can absorb
heat
the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of exactly one 1 g of a substance by exactly 1 degree Celcius
specific heat
in heat calculations, the temperature change is always the difference between the
final temp and initial temp
used to measure the temperature when a sample gains or loses heat
calorimeter
when very strong attractive forces hold the particles close together
solid
when particles have enough energy to move freely in random directions
liquid
when the molecules move at high speed creating great distances between molecules
gas
attractive forces between oppositely charged ends of polar molecules
dipole-dipole attractions
when a strong attractive force occurs between the partially positive hydrogen atom and the strongly electronegative atoms F,O or N
hydrogen bond
weak dipole bonding that results from a momentary polarization of non polar molecules in a substance
dispersion forces
nonpolar compounds form solids at
low temperatures
when matter is converted form one state to another state
change of state
a point when the particles in the solid gain sufficient energy to overcome the energy of the attractive forces that hold them together
melting point (mp)
change from a solid to liquid
melting
liquid to solid
freezing
point in which a liquid becomes a solid
freezing point (fp)
needed to separate the particles of a sold
heat of fusion
when the particles on the surface of a solid absorb enough heat to change directly to a gas with no temp change
sublimation
reverse process of sublimation
deposition
takes place when fast moving water molecules have enough energy to escape form the surface
evaporation
when the water molecules form liquid again as attractive forces pull the together
condensation
when the particle throughout the liquid have the energy needed to change in to a gas
boiling point
occurs as gas bubbles form throughout the liquid, then rise to the surface and escape
boiling
a diagram that shows the temp changes and changes of state of a substance as it is heated
heating curve
a diagram that shows temp changes and changes of states for a substance as heat is removed
cooling curve
amount of heat absorbed or released during a reaction that takes place at constant pressure
heat of reaction
energy of the products is greater than that of the reactants
endothermic reaction
the products have less energy than the reactants
exothermic reaction
Unit of heat and work
Joule (jewel)
amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celcius
calorie
1 cal=
4.184 J
1 kcal=
4,184 kj
the amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of any substance by 1 degree celcius
specific heat
S= H
---
MdeltaT
specific heat equation
H=SmdeltaT
Heat Equation
3 types of Attractive forces
1. Dipersion forces
2. Dipole-Dipole
3. Hydrogen Bond
Weakest; found in nonpolar molecules
dipersion forces
in polar molecules b/c of attractions between the (+) end of one molecule and the (-) end of another molecule
Dipole-Dipole
special Dipole-Dipole----occurs between H in one molecule and either F,O, or N in another molecule
Hydrogen Bond
energy needed to separtate the particles in a solid
heat of fusion
334J
Heat of fusion
Author
phut52
ID
206487
Card Set
chapter 9 vocab
Description
chapter 9 vocab
Updated
2013-03-19T19:47:44Z
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