Art Exam #2

An immediate and accessible way to communicate through imagery

A particular material, along with its accompanying technique

A visual diary and place to develop and maintain drawing skills and to note whatever catches the eye or imagination

A full-sized drawing made as a guide for a large work in another medium

Parallel lines to suggest shadows or volumes

Drawing one set of hatchings over another in different directions so that the lines cross, suggesting shadows or darker areas

A set of parallel curved lines that suggest a volume in space

Pencil, charcoal, conte crayon, and pastel

Can very from soft & dark to hard & light. Softer ones give darker lines and harder ones give lighter lines

A dry drawing medium made from charred twigs, usually vine or willow

Semi-hard chalk with a little oil in the binder that makes it adhere well to smooth paper. It can produce a variety of smudge resistant lines and includes clay and small amounts of wax

Sticks of powdered pigment held together with just a little of a gum binding agent; pale colors tints

Degree of roughness present in drawing papers; the presence of this gives texture to a drawing

A thin varnish used to spray over charcoal to keep it from smudging & falling off

Black & Brown Inks are the most common

A thin, transparent layer of paint or ink

A sequential art form based on drawing

Coloring agent; provides color, usually in the form of a powder

Sticky substance that holds the pigment particles together and attaches them to the surface

Liquid emulsion that is used as a carrier or spreading agent

Structure to hold painting surface

Prepared surface; the sizing plus the primer; constitutes the surface preparation that artists generally do

Paint that uses water-soluble gum as the binder and water as the vehicle; best results come from using an absorbent support

Pigment is mixed with water and some type of gum (often egg yolk); requires rigid support and a ground of chalk & glue, which is called gesso

Ancient technique that involves mixing pigment with a wax binder (also serves as a vehicle)

Pigment mixed with vegetable oil, often linseed; vehicle: oil; takes a long time to dry, colors blend very well

Thin, transparent or semi-transparent layers of diluted oils; often applied to give areas of work luminous quality

Thick application of paint

A plastic resin mixed with water; maintains a high degree of intensity & rarely darken with age

Small-scale paint sprayer capable of projecting a fine, controlled mist of paint

Pigment is added to water & then applied to a lime- plaster surface; if the plaster surface it is applied to is wet, it is called ..

Pigment is added to water & then applied to a lime- plaster surface; if the plaster surface it is applied to is dry, it is called ..

Any one of multiple expressions made from a single master image, or matrix

A dull finish or surface, especially in painting, photography, and ceramics

The block of metal, wood, stone, or other material that an artist works to create a print

Refers to the total number of prints authorized by the author

When a satisfactory stage is reached, the artist makes a few prints for his or her record and personal use

Any printmaking process in which the image to be printed is raised off the background in reverse

Type of relief print made from a relatively soft wood

When individually inked blocks (one of each color) are carefully linked up to ensure that colors will be exactly placed in the final print

A method of relief printing in wood. in comparison to woodcut, this is made with denser wood, cutting into the end of the grain rather than into the side

A relief process in printmaking, in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing

Areas below the surface hold the ink

Pushes burin (metal rod) across a metal plate, forcing the metal up in silvers in front of the line

Engraving tool

A metal plate is coated with a ground & then drawn through to expose the metal

Etching process used to obtain grey areas in black and white or color prints

Pulls a metal needle across a metal plate pushing up rough burns on each side

A surface or planograhic printing process based on the idea that oil & water do not mix

Printmaking technique in which stencils are applied to fabric stretched across a frame

A dark room (or box) with a small hole in one side, through which an inverted image of the view outside is projected onto the opposite wall, screen, or mirror

An early photographic process developed by Louis Daguerre in the 1830's, which required a treated metal plate. This plate was exposed to light, and the chemical reactions on the plate created the first satisfactory photographs

Process developed in the mid 1850's, in which a prepared glass plate was exposed for several minutes; although the plate needed to be developed somewhat quickly, it could then serve as a clear negative from which many photos could be printed, see figure 7.4

The process of working with words and pictures to enhance visual communication

An identifying mark, or trademark, based on letterforms combined with pictorial elements

The art and technique of composing printed material from letterforms

The name given to a style of type.

Short lines with pointed ends, at an angleto the main strokes

Have a modern look due to their association with modernist designs

Meant to be seen from all sides; the viewer must move around to experience all facets of the work

Projects only slightly from the surrounding surface; shadows are minimal

Sculpture projects forward from the surface

Material is built up or combined to create the form

One of the traditional methods of fabricating sculpture; is an additive process

The use of one substance in place of another

Process of making sculpture by pouring a liquid material into a mold bearing the sculpture's impression

A cavity created out of plaster, clay, metal, or plastic for use in casting

A figure is molded in wax & encased in clay or plaster, when the clay is fired to make a mold, the wax melts away, leaving a void that can be filled with molten or some other self-hardening liquid to produce a cast

Unwanted material is removed to create the form

A sculpture is formed by removing material from a block or mass of wood, stone, or other material, with the use of sharpened tools

When industrial material is put together to create the form

When "found" material is put together to create a form

Sculpture that moves

A variety of media in a single work

An art medium in which the artist arranges objects or artworks in a room, thinking of the entire space as the medium  to be manipulated

Any work made for a certain place, which cannot be separated or exhibited apart from its intended environment

The art & science of making objects from cclay

A dedicated high-temperature oven

Baking clay in a kiln to solidify it

A type of clay used for ceramics;  fired at 1100-1150 degrees Celcius

A type of clay used for ceramics; fired at 1200-1300 degrees Celcius

A type of clay used for ceramics; it is white or grayish and fires at 1350-1500 degees Celcius

The process of forming clay objects on a potter's wheel

Hand-building method in which the clay is formed into sheets before being shaped into a form; figure 11.4

Hand-building method in which the clay is rolled into long rope-like strands connected to build a form; figure 19.25

A mixture of clay and water about the consistency of cream, sometimes colored with earthen powders

A liquid paint with a silica base, especially formulated for clay

A device that holds warp fibers in place and may pull them apart for weaving

The threads that run lengthwise in a fabric, crossed at right angles by the weft

The horizontal threads interlaced through the warp

Based on the interlacing of fibers

When such massing is done with a consistent pattern

A structural system that uses two or more uprights or posts to support a horizontal beam (or lintel) that spans the space between them

A row of columns usually spanned or connected by beams (lintels)

A series of such arches supported by columns forms an ..

an arch  rotated 180 degrees on its vertical axis creates a ..

Curving triangular sections

Vaults based on this made it possible to build wider aisles and higher ceilings

Changes in value/tone can be used to suggest the way light reveals form and makes 2D work look 3D

Opaque watercolor; the vehicle includes small amounts of fine chalk powder