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generalized anxiety disorder
A disorder in which ppl are almost constantly plagued by exaggerated worries
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panic disorder
A disorder characterized by frequent bouts of moderate anxiety and occasional attacks of sudden increased heart rate, chest pains, difficulty breathing sweating faintness and trembling
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social phobia
A severe avoidance of other ppl and an especially strong fear of doing anything in public
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agoraphobia
An excessive fear of open or public places
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phobias
Strong persistent fears of specific objects extreme enough to interfere
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resistant to extinction
b
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systematic desensitization
A method of reducing fear by gradually exposing ppl to the object of the fear
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Be able to describe some of the behavior therapies for phobias
systematic desensitization- reducing fear by gradually exposing ppl to the objects their afraid of
flooding (w/fear)- a sudden exposure to a phobia rather than gradually
drug therapy- valium, benzodiazepine, xanax
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obsessive-compulsive
disorder
A condition with repetitive thought and actions
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Know what the therapies of OCD are
exposure therapy- when a person is presented a situation where they would normally act out their OCD but they are prevented from performing it
drug clomipramine and related anti-depressant helps 50% of ppl
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dependence
A self destructive habit that someone finds difficult or impossible to quit
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tolerance and withdrawal
The weakened effect of drug after repeated use
Experience that occur as result of the removal of a drug from the brain
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addiction
A self-destructive habit that someone finds difficult or impossible to quit
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Be able to say describe the various treatment for alcoholism
antabuse, AA, controlled drinking and contingency management
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antabuse
The trade name for disulfiram a drug used in the treatment of alcoholism
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AA
A self help group of people who are trying to abstain from alcohol use and to help others do the same
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harm-reduction
An approach to drug abuse that concentrates on decreasing the frequency of drug use and minimizing the harmful consequences to health and well-being
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contingency management
a form of behavioral therapy where ppl are monitored by urine or breathalyzer and when they are clean they are immediately rewarded
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Be able to describe how opiate dependence is like alcohol dependence
they both show hereditary tendency; that is the closer your genetic relationship to an opiate abuser the higher the probability of developing the same problem
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methadone treatment
self-help groups and contingency management
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major depression
a condition lasting most of the day, day after day, with a loss of interest and pleasure and a lack of productive activity
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seasonal affective depression or disorder (SAD)
a condition in which people become seriously depressed in one season of the year, such as winter
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bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder)
a condition in which a person alternates between periods of depression and periods of mania
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explanatory style
a tendency to accept one kind of explanation for success or failure more often than others
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trycyclic drugs
are drugs that block the reabsorption of the neurotransmitters after they are released by the terminal buoton thus prolonging the effect on the receptors of the postsynaptic cell
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SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
They block the reuptake of neurotransmitter serotonin
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monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
drugs that block the metabolic breakdown of released dopamine norepinephrine and serotonin thus prolonging the effects of these neurotransmitters on the receptors of the postsynaptic cell
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mania
a condition in which ppl are constantly active, uninhibited, and either excited or irritable
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what the two types of
bipolar disorder
bipolar I disorder- a disorder condition characterized by at least one episode of mania
bipolar II disorder-a disorder condition characterized by episodes of major depression and hypomania, which is a milder degree of mania
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schizophrenia
a condition marked by deterioration of daily activities over a period of at least 6 months, plus hallucinations, delusions, flat or inappropriate emotions, certain movement disorders, or thought disorders
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positive(present) and negative(absent)
symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive- hallucinations and delusions
- delusion of persecution
- delusions of grandeur
- delusion of reference
Negative- lack of speech and emotional expression, lack of ability to feel pleasure and general inability to take care of oneself
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describe the four
types of schizophrenia
Catatonic- prominent movement disorder, including either rigid inactivity or excessive activity
Paranoid- elaborate hallucinations and delusions, especially delusions of persecution and delusion of grandeur
Undifferentiated- basic symtoms deterioration of daily functioning plus some combination of hallucinations, inappropriate emotions thought disorders and so forth
Residual- who have had an episode of schizophrenia and who are partly but not fully recovered
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disorganized schizophrenia
incoherent speech, extreme lack of social relationships and "silly" or odd behavior
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dopamine (and glutamate) hypotheses
the underlying cause of schizophrenia is excessive stimulation of certain types of dopamine synapses
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antipsychotic drugs
that is a drug that can relieve schizophrenia
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tardive dyskinesia
a disorder characterized by tremors and involuntary movements
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