LAB EXAM 2

• NAME- STARCH HYDROLYSIS
• SUBSTRATE - STARCH
• ENZYME - AMYLASE
• POSITIVE REACTION - BLUE/BLACK AND CLEARING ZONE
• NEGATIVE REACTION - AMBER
• REAGANT - IODINE
• PRODUCT - MONO OR DISACCHARIDES
• EXOENZYME AND EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION

• NAME CASEIN HYDROLYSIS
• SUBSTRATE - CASEIN
• ENZYME - CASEINASE
• POSITIVE REACTION - CLEARING ZONES = HYDROLYSIS
• NEGATIVE REACTION - NO CLEARING
• PRODUCT - DIPEPTIDES AND AMINO ACIDS
• EXOENZYME AND EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION

• NAME - PHENOL RED BROTH
• SUBSTRATE -CARBOHYDRATE
• PRODUCT - ACID
• POSITIVE - YELLOW (ACIDIC) = SUGAR FERMENTATION
• NEGATIVE - RED (BASIC)
• GAS PRODUCTION = BIG BUBBLE IN DURHEIM TUBE
• ENDOENZYME

• NAME - TRIPLE SUGAR IRON
• A/A - ACID/ACID - YELLOW/YELLOW (SUGAR DIGESTION)
• A/K - ACID/ALKALINE - YELLOW/RED (REVERSION)
• K/K - ALKALINE/ALKALINE - RED/RED (PROTEIN DIGESTION)
• H2S REACTION - BLACK PRECIPITATE  H2S + Fe -> FeS
• CO2 +  CRACKS IN AGAR

• NAME - V.P.
• REAGENT - BARRITTS A & B
• POSITIVE - RED
• NEGATIVE - YELLOW
• PRODUCTS - ACETOIN AND BUTANEDOIL
• -V.P. -> + M.R.
• - M.R. -> + V.P.

• NAME - M.R.
• POSITIVE - RED (ACIDIC)
• NEGATIVE - YELLOW (BASIC)
• PRODUCTS - MIXED ACIDS
• - V.P. -> + M.R.
• - M.R. -> + V.P.

• NAME - GELATIN
• SUBSTRATE - GELATIN
• ENZYME - GELATINASE
• PRODUCTS - AMINO ACIDS/ DIPEPTIDES
• POSITIVE - LIQUIFIED
• Staphylococcus aureus
• NEGATIVE - SOLID
• staphylococcus epidermis
• CHILL TO AVOID FALSE POSITIVE
• EXOENZYME AND EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION

• NAME - SIM / INDOLE
• SUBSTRATE - TRYTOPHAN
• ENZYME - TRYTOPHANASE
• PRODUCT - INDOLE POSITIVE (PINK/RED)
• REAGENT - KOVACS
• POSITIVE MOTILITY - CLOUDINESS AWAY FORM STAB
• H2S PRODUCTION - H2S + Fe -> FeS = BLACK PRECIPITATE CAN'T BE DETERMINED IF WHOLE TUBE IS BLACK

• NAME - BLOOD AGAR
• BETA HEMOLYSIS - CLEARING AROUND COLONY
• GROUP A Streptococcus pyongenes SENSITIVE TO BACITRACIN
• ALPHA HEMOLYSIS - YELLOW/BROWN COLOR
• GAMMA HEMOLYSIS - GROWTH NO CLEARING
• ENRICHED WITH BLOOD
• DIFFERENTIAL - ALLOWS FOR DIFFERENT HEMOLYTIC REACTION
• EXOENZYME AND EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION

• NAME - MANNITOL SALTS
• SUBSTRATE - MANNITOL
• SELECTIVE FOR Staphylococcus GENERA DUE TO SALT INTOLERANCE
• DIFFERENTIAL - MANNITOL FERMENTATION
• PRODUCT - ACID
• POSITIVE - YELLOW (ACIDIC)
• YELLOW ACID FERMENTATION - Staphylococcus aureus
• GROWTH BUT NO YELLOW - Staphylococcus
• ENDOENZYME

• NAME - EOSIN METHYLENE BLUE
• SELECTIVE FOR GRAM NEGATIVE
• DIFFERENTIAL -
• NON LACTOSE FERMENTERS - WHITE COLONIES
• LACTOSE FERMENTERS - PINK/PURPLE
• STRONG LACTOSE FERMENTERS - METALLIC GREEN Escherichia coli
• ENDOENZYME

• NAME - MACCONKEY
• SUBSTRATE - LACTOSE
• ENZYME - LACTASE
• SELECTIVE - GRAM NEGATIVE B/C OF BILE SALTS
• DIFFERENTIAL -
• WHITE - NON FERMENTATION OF LACTOSE
• PINK - FERMENTATION OF LACTOSE
• ENDOENZYME

• NAME - CATALASE
• SUBSTRATE - HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
• ENZYME - CATALASE
• PRODUCT - H20 + O2
• POSITIVE - BUBBLES / FIZZING
• NEGATIVE - NO FIZZING
• EXOENZYME AND EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION

• NAME - LIPID HYDROLYSIS / SPIRIT BLUE
• SUBSTRATE - LIPIDS
• ENZYME - LIPASE
• PRODUCTS - GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDS
• POSITIVE - CLEARING ZONE = LIPID HYDROLYSIS
• NEGATIVE - NO CLEARING
• EXOENZYME AND EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION

• NAME - DNase
• SUBSTRATE - DNA
• ENZYME - DNase
• PRODUCTS - NUCLEOTIDES
• POSITIVE - CLEARING ZONES BREAKDOWN OF DNA
• Staphylococcus aureus
• CLINICALLY IMPORTANT - BREAKDOWN OUR DNA
• EXOENZYME AND EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION

• NAME - CITRATE
• POSITIVE - BLUE = BASIC
• NEGATIVE - GREEN = NEUTRAL
• CARBON SOURCE
• CITRATE -> CITRASE -> PYRUVATE -> BASIC PRODUCTS
• ENDOENZYME

• NAME - UREA
• SUBSTRATE - UREA
• ENZYME - UREASE
• PRODUCT - AMMONIA
• POSITIVE - PINK
• NEGATIVE - YELLOW
• Proteus vulgaris
• ENDOENZYME

• NAME - NITRATE
• CAUSES EXTENSIVE TISSUE INFECTION B/C IN ANAEROBIC USE NITROGEN AS FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
• NO3(NITRATE) -> NITRATE REDUCTASE -> NO2(NITRITE) -> NITRITE REDUCTASE -> N20 OR N2
• REAGENTS ADDED TURNS RED = NITRITE PRESENT USED NITRATE REDUCTASE
• REAGENTS ADDED + ZINC TURNS RED = NO REACTION, NOTHING PRESENT  CHEMICAL REACTION ONLY
• REAGENTS ADDED + ZINC  REMAINS CLEAR = NITRATE & NITRITE REDUCTIONS OCCURRED N20 OR N2 PRESENT
• ENDOENZYME

• NAME = RAPID STREP TEST
• POSITIVE - BLUE AND PINK BANDS
• NEGATIVE - PINK BAND

• GRAM NEGATIVE & LACTOSE FERMENTER
• COME FROM RAW SEWAGE

• GRAM NEGATIVE & LACTOSE FERMENTERS
• FOUND IN INTESTINES

• CAPABILITY SHARED BY MANY AEROBIC AND FACULTATIVE ANAEROBIC ORGANISMS
• LACKING IN STRICT ANAEROBES

DIGESTION OUTSIDE THE CELL

A TYPE OF COVALENT BOND THAT JOINS A CARBOHYDRATE (SUGAR) MOLECULE TO ANOTHER GROUP, WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE ANOTHER CARBOHYDRATE

FOREIGN COMPONENT

THE BODY'S RESPONSE TO FOREIGN COMPOUND

REACTION OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY