SUR 105 - Test 4

blood test that determines CO2 and O2 saturation, pH, and other important parameters of respiration and O2 perfusion

areas of overdistention in the lung tissue

system of removing air from thoracic cavity and restoring negative pressure so the lungs can expand properly after thoracic surgery or trauma to chest wall

molecular passage of O2 across alveoli and into bloodstream

difficulty breathing

pus-filled area of the lung

act of breathing out (exhalation)

bloody sputum or bleeding arising from respiratory tract

presence of blood in thoracic cavity or between pleural sac and lungs, usually caused by trauma

lower than normal O2 perfusion

act of taking a breath (inhalation)

distribution of O2 to tissues

prototype of single-use, closed chest drainage systems, introduced in 1967

inflammation of the pleural membrane, usually caused by infection or tumor

air in the chest cavity, which prevents lungs from expanding and may displace mediastinal structures

tests performed to measure function and strength of pulmonary system

minimally invasive surgery of thoracic cavity

open chest surgery in which thoracic cavity is entered - incision into chest wall

voluntary closure of epiglottis and contraction of intraabdominal muscles, which results in increased thoracic pressure - used during breath holding and bearing down

process of inflating and deflating lungs during breathing

tissue biopsy is performed through what type of scope?

thoracic cavity is under positive or negative pressure?

incision, tear, or puncture of chest wall allowing atmospheric air to rush into thorax results in what?

sealed barrier between thoracic and abdominal cavities

nerves responsible for the sense of smell

where are olfactory nerves located?

3 sections of pharynx

2 important structures located in nasopharynx

where are palatine tonsils located?

connects trachea with oropharynx

upper folds of larynx

lower folds of larynx

large "shield" of tissue that forms anterior wall and protects larynx from injury

semirigid tube mainly composed of C-shaped rings

only completely closed ring in trachea

which bronchus is straighter than the other?

composed of smooth muscle lined with epithelium and no cartilage

how are lungs separated in the thoracic cavity?

double membrane that covers each lung

increase in pleural fluid

what happens if chest wall and pleural space are opened (trauma or surgery)?

what is breathing controlled by?

pressure between two pleural membranes

pressure in trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

what is needed to maintain negative pressure in pleural space?

nerve that controls diaphragm

what controls phrenic nerve?

amount of air exhaled during normal respiration

amount of air exhaled per minute

total volume of air exhaled after maximum inspiration

volume of air remaining in the lungs after exhalation

total amount of air in the lungs when fully inflated

amount of air expelled in first, second, and third seconds after exhalation

maximum amount of air expelled in forced expiration

used for more definitive analysis of masses

performed when CT scans are inconclusive for diagnosis of PE

inadequate or incomplete expansion of the lung

most common lung cancer

loss of elasticity and distention of alveoli

progressive, irreversible condition characterized by reduced inspiratory and expiratory function of lungs

obstruction in pulmonary vascular system that may result in ischemia to that portion of the lung

systemic disorder of hyperimmunity that results in multiple granulomas and fibrosis in various organ systems

excess air in pleural space

mycotic bacterial infection that affects lungs and other organs

endoscopic examination of trachea and bronchi

2 types of bronchoscopy

endoscope capable of entering primary and peripheral bronchi - also used for cryosurgery and laser surgery

used for interventional procedures requiring large bore endoscope and rigid instruments such as removal of tissue mass or foreign body

what is used to take sputum or fluid samples during bronchoscopy?

autonomic gag reflex causing patient to arch and cough even during heavy sedation or light general anesthesia

patient position for rigid bronchoscopy

patient position for flexible bronchoscopy

endoscopic examination of mediastinum through incision

stainless steel endoscope inserted through small incision at suprasternal notch

patient position of mediastinoscopy

minimally invasive surgery of thoracic cavity

patient position for VATS

what does double-lumen ET tube do in VATS?

thoracoscopy lens sizes

small portion of lung tissue removed for pathological assessment

procedure in which portions of lung severely affected by emphysema are removed

biopsy of palpable nodes in the area of the scalene fat pads

patient position for scalene node biopsy

open surgery of thoracic cavity

procedure in which lobe of lung is removed

patient position for lobectomy

incision for lobectomy

removal of entire lung

rare condition in which subclavian vessels and brachial plexus are compressed at apex of the thorax

opening of thoracic outlet is formed by?

patient position for rib resection for TOS

surgical removal of a portion of parietal pleura

incision for bilateral lung transplant (recipient)