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Genetically engineered human insulin:
Humulin and Novolin
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A form of insulin that works even more rapidly than regular insulin:
Lispro (Humalog)
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An intermediate acting form of insulin that in crystalline form:
- NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn)
- Humulin N and Novolin N
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Long-acting (24 hr) form of insulin:
Glargine (Lantus)
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Family name for oral diabetes drugs which stimulate insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas:
Sulfonylurea drugs
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3 specific sulfonylreas:
- glipizide
- glyburide
- glimepiride
-
Common adverse effect of sulfonylreas:
- increased appetite
- weight gain
-
First-line oral diabetic drug which improves receptor sensitivity:
Metphormin (Glucophage)
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2 drugs that tx diabetes by increasing insulin receptor sensitivity in muscle tissue and adipocytes:
- rosiglitazone (Avandia)
- pioglitazone (Actos)
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Rosiglitazone causes increased risk of:
CHF and mortality
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Another oral diabetic drug _________ treats diabetes by increasing receptor sensitivity and decreasing ________ in the liver. It's close relative ______ has been taken off the market due to increased risk of _______.
- pioglitazone
- gluconeogenesis
- rosiglitazone (Avandia)
- CHF
-
The percent of the blood protein ______ that has reacted with glucose is measured as _________ which is abbreviated as _____. For non-diabetics this % is typically ____ and in ideal diabetics _____ and shouldn't be less than 7%.
- hemoglobin
- glycated hemoglobin
- HbA1c
- 5-5.5%
- 6.3%
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Oral use of broad spectrum antibiotics can produce superinfection from a resitant bacteria such as _______ _______.
Clostridium difficile
-
Penicillin drugs work by inhibiting ________ in Gram (positive/negative) bacteria.
- transpeptidase (penicillin bind protein)
- positive
-
Bacteria can become resistant to penicillins by acquiring the enzyme called _________ or _______ which destroys penicillin.
- beta lactamase
- penicillinase
-
The most common penicillin drug _______ can be combined with _____ _____ which inhibits the enzyme _____.
- Amoxicillin
- potassium clavulanate
- beta lactamase
-
A common adverse effect of the penicillin family:
allergic reaction
-
MRSA stands for ____ _____ _____ _____ and is Gram (positive/negative) and is tx with _____ which is taken (orally/IV).
- methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- positive
- Vancomycin
-
Antibiotic family similar to penicillins, _______ that is more active towards Gram ____ bacteria than penicillins.
-
The cephalosporin used for treating gonorrhea:
Ceftriaxone (third generation)
-
Most commonly rx cephalosporin that is used to tx UTIs:
cephalexin (first generation)
-
A relative of erythromycin that only requires a 3-5 day regimen, _______, and is concentrated by _ _ _.
-
Antibiotic family that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and can be used for pt who are allergic to penicillin:
Erythromycin family
-
Antibiotic used to tx gingival pockets and receding gums:
Periostat
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Antibiotic used to tx Lyme's disease, _______, that works on a molecular level by inhibiting ______.
- Tetracyclines
- bacterial ribosomes
-
An infection acquired in the hospital is a _______ infection as opposed to a _______ acquired infection.
-
_______ is a common alternative drug to penicillin , but should not be taken with mild or used by children.
tetracycline
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A newer member of the tetracycline family that has a longer half-life over the original member of the family:
Doxycycline
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