anatomy(4).txt

(radiocarpal, joint capsule, radial and ulnar collateral) are ________ and (styloid process of both radius and ulna, carpal bones)are boney _________ that limits movements of the _________. A&M pg 485 Table 6.16

2. Identify the 3 bones that form the calvarium. A&M pg 492, 495 Figure 7.2 B

3. Locate the 4 fontanels on a fetal skull. Reminder: fontanels allow the brain to grow. Lab Manual

The MEDIAL Wall of the orbit is made of __________ (some frontal, lacrimal and spenoid)
The medial wall (ethmoid, lacrimal, and frontal bones) is very thin. Its main component (the _________ _______ of the ethmoid) is papyraceous (paper-thin). At the junction of the medial wall with the roof, the
anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina transmit the nerves and
arteries of the same name.

The Zygomatic bone (frontal process) and the _______ Wing of the Sphenoid wall the bones that form the ________ wall

4. Identify the bones that form the orbit: floor

The floor ____________ (some _________,________) presents the
infraorbital groove and canal for the nerve and artery___________. The inferior oblique muscle arises anteromedially, immediately
lateral to the nasolacrimal canal.

The ___________ nerve accompanies the ophthalmic artery.

________________It is the mucous membrane that lines the posterior surface of the
eyelids (palpebral _____________) and the anterior aspect of the globe
(bulbar____________

In summary, the orbit communicates with the __________ cranial fossa (via the optic canal and superior orbital fissure), the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae ( via the inferior orbital fissure), the inferior meatus of the nose (via the nasolacrimal canal), the nasal ______ (via the anterior ethmoidal foramen), and the ______ ( via supraorbital and infraorbital foramina).

the orbit communicates with the inferior meatus
of the nose (via the __________ ____________)

The central artery of the retina, complete obstruction of which results in blindness, is the most important branch of the ____________ artery

the levator is supplied by the oculomotor nerve; the innervation of the _________ muscle is sympathetic.

On looking downward and to the right, if the left pupil fails to descend, the left ________ oblique muscle is likely to be paralyzed

Cranial nerves II, III, and VI and the nasociliary nerve (of cranial nerve V) enter the orbit within the _______ _________ _________

The abducent nerve (C.N. ________), which bends sharply across the petrous part of the temporal bone, is liable
to damage from increased )___________ pressure.

On looking upward and to the left, if the right pupil fails to ascend, the right _________ __________ muscle
is most likely to be involved

The ________ ganglion, which lies between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle, is the
peripheral relay station of the parasympathetic fibers to the eye

4. Identify the bones that form the orbit: Identify the only intrinsic bone of the orbit?
Roof?

The optic canal lies in the posterior part of the
roof, between the roots of the _________ _________ of the sphenoid bone. It transmits
the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery from the ____________ cranial fossa. and transmits cranial
nerves III, IV, and VI, the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve, and the ophthalmic veins

the inferior orbital fissure communicates with the infratemporal and
pterygopalatine fossae and transmits the ___________ nerve

5. How does the hyoid bone make a connection to the skull and or cervical vertebrae? A&M 556 Figure 7.33, 584 Figure 8.1, 587 Table 8.1, 595 Figure 8.5 B, 596 Figure 8.5, 601 Table 8.3

6. _________nasal conchae is a separate bone from the remaining conchae are which are the processes of the _________ bone and they are the __________ conchae and the __________ conchae A&M 563-567, 565 Figure 7.39

7. What opens beneath each concha?

8. To what bone does the mandibular condyle articulate? A&M pg 546-547

9.__________ lines or ridges on the skull that are produced by the pull (contraction) of muscles. A&M pg 494, 589 Table 8.2, 605 Table 8.4

. Be able to identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings. A&M pg 495-498, 496-497 Table 7.1
Rotundum: cn __ and _________ nerve

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings
Ovale: CN ____, _________ nerve, _________ _________ artery

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings
Spinosum

CN _____
Menigial branch, ________ meningeal ______ and ________

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings:
Lacerum:

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings
Magnum:
m_______
m_______
_______ arteries
CN_____
________ veins
________/__________ spinal __________

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings
Jugular Foramen:
CN__, ___ , ___
__________ _________ vein
Inferior ___________ and ___________ sinuses
meningeal branches of ____________ and ___________ arteries

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings:
Stylomastoid Foramen:

CN ____

**Carotid Canal:

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings
**Hypoglossal Canal

CN _____

identify each opening (foramen) of the skull and what passes through these openings
*Optic Canal:
CN____

12. Be able to identify the points of articulation (joints) for the bones of the skull (reminder: some joints are immoveable). A&M pg 493-498
4 sutures
__________ fossa

anterior posterior, mastoid, speniod

14. Be able to identify and locate the ventricles of the brain. How are the ventricles connected?

The choroid plexus produce_________, and is found _________ A&M pg 509-511

15. __________ _________ of the lacrimal system secretes lacrimal fluid (tears)

• Lacrimal glands secrete lacrimal fluid (tears).

the ___________ __________ convey lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal glands to the __________ sac

Lacrimal _________ (L. small canals) each commencing at a lacrimal punctum (opening) on the lacrimal _________ near the medial angle of the eye, convey the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal _______ to the lacrimal sac, the dilated superior part of the ________ duct
conveys the lacrimal fluid to the _________ Cavity.

• The __________-shaped lacrimal gland lies in the fossa for the lacrimal gland in the __________ part of each orbit.

_________ __________ muscle of mastication contributes to protrusion, synergistic action, unilateral: grinding

Medial Pterygoid:

_________ __________ muscle of mastication is bilateral: Protracts mandible, depress chin, unilateral: swings jaw

_____________and __________ elevates the mandible as the primary action of these muscles of mastication. A&M pg 539-546

19. What is the primary attachment (insertion) of the muscles of facial expression What is their innervation?

20. What type of cut to the scalp would cause profuse bleeding (longitudinal or frontal)?

the three salivary glands include the...

Identify and locate the papillae and taste buds that are present on the tongue _________ papillae are
large and flat topped; they lie directly anterior to the terminal groove
surrounded by deep moat-like trenches, the walls of which are studded by taste buds; the ducts of serous lingual glands (of
von Ebner) open into these trenches.

__________ papillae are small lateral folds of lingual __________ ; they are poorly developed in humans.

Identify and locate the papillae and taste buds that are present on the tongue
• Filiform papillae a

____________ papillae are ____________-shaped and appear as pink or red spots; they are scattered
among the filiform papillae but are most numerous at the ________and sides
(margins) of the tongue.

23. ___________ is a dense layer of connective tissue, forms the external periosteum of the neurocranium A&M pg 498-499

24. Be able to identify the primary vessels that form the arterial circle on the base of the brain (Circle of Willis). A&M pg 512-514

26. Identify the area referred to as the ___________ and it forms an H shape of sutures and what bones form this area? A&M pg 493-494,539

27. Identify the two areas of the nasal cavity? A&M pg 562-567

Overproduction, obstruction or interference with CSF absorption that causes head enlargement causes ____________

30. ___________ ___________ protrude into the venous sinuses of the brain, and allow CSF to exit the brain and enter the_______ ________

31.
Be able to identify the 3 layers of the meninges. A&M pg 293-298

32. What is the general function of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system? A&M pg 35, 42-43,557, 638-639 Table 9.1 (Note if it states visceral it is parasympathetic/autonomic)See Table 9.1 pg 638-639
______________
Anabolic, promotes normal function and conserving energy

_____________ Catabolic, fight or flight

35. What is the origin of the phrenic nerve and where does it lie in the neck? A&M pg 594

36. the ___________ _________'s function is a chemoreceptor, monitors the level of oxygen in the blood________ __________ and CN ___ and CN _____ intervate this.

36. What is the function of the carotid sinus and what nerves supply thesestructures? A&M pg 597, 652

Carotid Sinus: Innervated by CNIX and CN X,

37. Identify the three layers of deep cervical viscera. A&M pg 608

38. Define an endocrine organ.
Where are these organs located in the head and neck? A&M pg 3,

39.
Identify the cartilages of the larynx? Which cartilage forms a complete
ring? A&M pg 6139

40. The tracheal rings are incomplete posterior. What lies in this gap? A&M pg 614, 620

41. Where does the trachea terminate and what structure(s) does it form? A&M pg
73

42. Identify the three sets of tonsils and where they are located? WA&M pg 622-623

42 which set of the three tonsils is called adenoids when infected?

44. Where are the tarsal glands located? What is their function? A&M pg 526

45. What does the term ptosis mean? A&M pg 529 Blue Box

46. What is the function and where is the common tendinous ring located? A&M pg
532-535, 534 Table 7.6

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535
Levator Palpebrae Superioris

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535 Superior Oblique

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535 Inferior Oblique

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535
Superior and Inferior Rectus

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535 Medial and Lateral Rectus

49. a. Accessory structures of the eyeball.

b. Eyeball layers and their subdivisions.

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535

________ and _________ rectus is intervated by the _________ nerve (cn VI)

hint: These abduct/aduct the eye

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535

super and inferior ___________, is intervated by ______ nerve (cn___)

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535

________ oblique is intervated by trochlear nerve (cn___)

47. Be able to identify and give the innervation of the seven extra-occular muscles of the eye. A&M pg 532-535

lateral palebrae superioris is intervated by ___________ nerve

50. CN___, ____, and _____ is the nerve supply to the tympanic membrane. (Remember it has two sides). A&M pg 570,

The mastoid air sinus communicates with ______ ear cavity? A&M pg 577 Blue Box

52. In which bone of the skull is the internal ear located?
A&M pg 573I

the internal ear is located in the _______ part of the temporal bone of the skull

53.
the __________ tube, serves as a connection between the tympanic cavity (middle ear) and the nasopharynx

AKA? bonus

54. the _________ structure of the ear is the receptor of auditory stimuli. A&M pg 574

a branch of cranial nerve _____ (Chorda Tympani) passes through the middle ear cavity.

56. What are the parts of the internal ear and what are their functions? A&M pg 573-578
__________ organ of the internal ear is important for sound and __________.
Contained with in the Bony Labyrinth: ________ (sound)and Semicircular Canal and ______ (balance

57. What are the names of the three middle ear bones? In what order are
they found from lateral to medial? A&M pg 571-573

M.I.S

58. Motion sickness results mainly from discordance between _______ and the _________ stimuli A&M pg 578 Blue
Box

59. Identify the first 2 of the five layers of the scalp. A&M498-499
s
c

59. Identify the last 3 layers of the scalp
a.
l.
p