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what order does the penguin belong to?
Sphenisciformes
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which penguins are associated to Antartica and what's the group?
- emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri)
- Adelie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae)
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how fast do penguins swim?
15 mph
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what is porpoising?
leaping through the air like a dolphin and catch breath.
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how are penguins adapted to the cold?
- dense, waterproof feather.
- endothermic.
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3 types of communication for penguins
contact call, display, threat
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what do penguins eat?
fish, squid, krill
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what eats penguins?
leopard seals, orcas and sharks.
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what's are rookeries?
during breeding season, penguins come ashore and nest in huge colonies
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what type of materials do penguins use for their nests?
pebbles, bones, moss feathers and grasses.
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diffrerence between adelie and emperor penguin when it comes to laying eggs
adelies: lay eggs during the summer when temperatures are above freezing. Uses small stones for nests.
emperor: lay eggs in the middle of the Antartic winter.
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degrees that an emperor penguin would usually lay their eggs
- temperatures -75 degrees.
- Winds will blow up to 120 miles an hour.
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how long does a father penguin stand with his egg?
8 weeks.
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what's a brood patch?
fold of skin which covers an egg so that it stays warm.
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what's a crop
a digestive organ that stores food before it's processed. used when an egg hatches and mom penguin hasn't arrived yet.
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human impact on Penguins?
- -introduction of predators
- -building activites
- -trash in the oceans
- -ecotourism
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what happened on June 23, 2000?
ore carrier Treasurer caused an oil spill in the islands off south Africa.
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the shell of a turtle is composed of two layers which are...
- outer layer: keratin
- inner layer: bone
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whats the dorsal surface of a shell?
carapace
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ventral surface?
plastron
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front limbs vs back limbs
- front: large flippers
- back: paddle shaped and used for steering and digging nests
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what's the largest?
leatherbackc
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description of a leather back?
- size: 2 meters in length
- weight: 450 kg
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description of kemp's ridley
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how long do sea turtles live?
up to 200 years
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how fast do leatherbacks swim?
32 km per hour
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how long can they stay underwater?
40 min. on a single breath
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how do you differentiate between the different turtle species?
size, by the pattern of the scales on their top shell, or carapace.
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how do turtles gain buoyancy
fatty deposits and lightweight bones.
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what's the diet of turtles?
turtles have strong jaws which can help open the shells of crabs, clams and other shelled animals.
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what do loggerhead turtles eat?
mollusks, crustaceans, fish and jellyfish.
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what do hawksbills eat?
same + algea
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when do female turtles go off to lay her eggs?
at night.
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how long does a baby turtle develop inside the egg?
two months
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where are most of the green sea turtles found?
atlantic and pacific oceans.
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In one turtle study, turtles were tagged in ____ Island and were later then captured in ____
Ascension, Brazil
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how did these young turtles live?
floating through the clumps of seaweed.
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