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Substance Withdrawl
Experience of clinically significant distress in social, occupational or other areas of functioning due the stop or reduction of substance use.
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Substance Intoxication
Experience of significant maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system.
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Substance Abuse
Diagnosis given when substance use leads to harmful consequences.
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What is substance as it pertains to substance abuse?
Any natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.
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5 group of depressants
1. Central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines and inhalants.
2.Central Nervous system stimulants including cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine and caffeine.
3.Opioids
4.Hallucinogens and PCP
5.Cannabis
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Substance dependence and tolerance?
maladaptive pattern of drug use leading to problems in personal life.Usually tolerance and withdrawal symptoms occur.
Tolerance: need for increased amounts
Withdrawal: same or closely related drug is need to relieve or avoid symptoms.
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Constitutes binge drinking?
- 5 drinks or more for men
- 4 drinks or more for woman
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What are delirium tremens (DTs?)
The third stage in alcohol withdrawl that includes auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations.
Can develop into delusions, monsters attacking.
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Long term affects of alcohol?
Stomach, esophagus,pancreas and liver.
Low grade hypertension="bad cholesterol puts people at high risk of hear disease.
often malnourished because it decreases absorption of critical nutrients.
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Affects of Central Nervous System depressants?
- Benzo and Barb:
- -Decrease in blood pressure
- -respiratory rate
- -heart rate.
- Inhalants:
- -Depress the central nervous system by producing chemical vapors
- -Nitrous oxide-dilates blood vessels, relaxes muscles and used as a sex enhancers.
- -Can cause respiratory irritations and rashes and permanent damage to the cognitive system by DEGENERATION AND LESIONS.
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Affects of Central Nervous System stimulants?
Increase in heart rate, blood pressure and alter the rhythm and electrical activity.
Can lead to respiratory arrest, heart attack and seizures.
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Affects of Opioids?
Suppress the respiratory and cardiovascular systems to the point of death.
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Affects of Hallucinogens and PCP?
Severe anxiety and hallucinations to the point of psychosis.
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Affects of Cannabis?
- -Short term memory
- -Cognitive impairments
- -Cudgement deficient slower reaction times
- -Anxiety episodes
- -Paranoid
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What are synergy?
Synergy is the compounded effect results from using a drug combination.
The high effects of combining two drugs such as alcohol and barb.
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Physiological Dependence?
The state that occurs when a drug that has been used for some time alters the users physiological functions in such ways that continued use is necessary.
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Habituation?
Refers to the dependence on a drug because of strong desire to replicate the psychological state produced by the drug and/or to relieve oral needs, depression.
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What are the different DEA?
I-High abuse potential, no accepted medical use
II- High abuse potential with severe physical and psychological dependence
III-Medium Abuse potential with low to mod physical dependence and high psychological dependence.
IV-Low abuse potential with limited physical and psychological dependence
V-Lowest abuse potential
HIGHEST IS I- involving LSD and Heroin.
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Betty Ford Case? Treatment?, good prevention programs?
- Treatment?
- -Admitting you have a problem
- -Motivation enhancement techniques(confrontation techniques)
- -Write down term agreements
- -Video tape model-to model actions
- -Detox
- -Medications
- -Antabuse
- -Self-help group
- -Family Therapy
- -Aversion Therapy
- -Relapse-prevention coping skills
- -Psychotherapy
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Marc Lewis key points?
- Addition is the disease
- Addiction is a choice
- Prefronal Cortex/
- Ventral Striatum
- -responsible for attraction/desires.
(IVY)Craving is related to Feedback loop-you can focus on outside forces because of the growth of addiction.
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