music test 2

1600 to 1750

well tempered clavier

• actually not much tone color, is something of a contradiction.
• early period= sonority 
• end of period= very sophisticated sounds

long melodies, with their wealth of decorations added to the main direction of the line are not easy to sing

polyphonic

powerful, impersonal, mirror a wide range of human feelings or affects

a musical form based on recurrences of ritornello (the name for the orchestral music that typically starts the movement off which always returns later in the piece)

champion of the concerto, vedetian composer, wrote hundreds of concertos

opens with a loud, bright, solid-sounding, orchestral ritornello.  typical barogque melody= intricate, wide-ranging, and saturated with sequences

• german
• first job as church organist 
• lutheran 
• chiefworks= 200 sacred and secular cantatas

fuge= polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices (usually 3 or 4) built on a single principle theme

fuge subject= fuge theme, appears again in each of the instrumental or vocal lines

serious opera= principle type of italian baroque opera

words of an opera, meaning "little book"

is a technique of declaiming words musically in a heightened, theatrical manner. always an instrumental accompaniment. singing voice closely follows the free rhythm of emotional speech

recitative with continuo accompaniment

orchestral accompaniment of one kind or another to an recitative

set piece for solo singer. actor/ singer is mulling over his or her emotions

is an opera on a religious subject mostly from old testament. takes over such operatic features as recitatives and arias. not apart of church service

• german
• Catholic
• 48 years in England 
• water music= two suites for the baroque festive  orchestra

• -second importance to oratorio
• -cantata= is a general name for a piece of moderate length for voices and instruments 
• -performed during lutheran church services

johann sebastian bach

• most enlightened ruler
• 1780 to 1790 
• supported music and literature

• light and frothy style of art 
• art to please in classical era

demanded that opera would portray real people in actual life- simple people, close to nature, singing natural music

is highly flexible in rhythm

more in classical than baroque

pleasing variety.

homophonic

opening= tempo- fast/moderate form-sonata form 

slow= tempo-slow/very slow form- sonata form, variations, rondo, other 

minuet= tempo- moderate form- minuet form 

closing= tempo- fast/ very fast form= sonata or rondo form

dark, uneasy mood. muted struggle against inescapable contraints

Salzburg, working for archbishop, chief works= marriage of figaro, don giovanni

vienna, musical humor, last 12 symphonys= london, work for esterhazy family, lively music

type of sonata form developed for use in concertos

is a genre for four instruments= 2 violins, viola, and a cello

comic opera in classical opera

baroque= serious opera

by mozart. meant to be comic but is not comic or tragic. dark comedy