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Superficial pectoral
(descending, transverse superficial pectoralis)
- origin: cranial sternum
- insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
- action: adducts thoracic limb
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Deep pectoral
- origin: sternum
- insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
- action: adducts and pulls thoracic limb caudually
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Xiphihumeralis
- origin: sternum
- insertion: humerus
- action: adducts thoracic limb
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4 pectoral muscles
- descending superficial pectoralis
- transverse superficial pectoralis
- deep pectoral
- xiphihumeralis
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Brachiocephalicus
- cleidocephalicus
- insertion: clavicular tendon
- action: pull thoracic limb forward, extends shoulder
- cleidobrachialis
- insertion: humerus
- action: pulls thoracic limb forward, extends shoulder
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Omotransversarius
- origin: wing of atlas
- insertion: spine and acromion of scapula
- action: advances limb
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Trapezius muscle
- origin: transverse process of atlas
- insertion: spine of scapula
- action: elevate and abduct forelimb
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Rhomboideus
- Rhomboideus capitis
- Rhomboideus cervicis
- Rhomboideus thoracis
- insertion
: scapula- action: elevate forelimb
- *all have same insertion&action
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Latissimus dorsi
- origin: last 7 thoracic vertebrae and spinous process of lumbar vertebrae
- insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus
- action: draws limb caudally , flexes shoulder joint
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Serratus ventralis
- origin: cervical vertebrae and ribs
- insertion: dorsomedial scapula
- action: supports trunk
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Sternocephalicus
- origin: sternum
- insertion: occipital bone
- action: flex (lower) head and neck, draws head to side
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Platysma
- origin: tissue on spinous process of cervical vertebrae
- insertion: fibers around lips
- action: draws commissures of lips caudally
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Temporalis
- origin: parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital bone
- insertion: coronoid process of mandible
- action: elevate mandible to close mouth when chewing, moves mandible laterally
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Masseter
- origin: zygomatic arch
- insertion: lateral side of mandible
- action: elevates mandible to close mouth when chewing
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Digastricus
- origin: occipital and temporal bones
- insertion: ventral mandible
- action: opens mouth
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Mylohyoideus
- origin: medial mandible
- insertion: median raphae between mandible
- action: raises floor of mouth
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extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb
- superficial pectoral muscle
- deep pectoral muscle
- brachiocephalicus muscle
- omotransversarius muscle
- trapezius muscle
- rhomboideus muscle
- latissimus dorsi muscle
- serratus ventralis muscle
-
muscles of the head and neck
- sternocephalicus muscle
- platysma muscle
-
muscles of mastication
- temporalis muscle
- masseter muscle
- digastricus muscle
- mylohyoideus muscle
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all of the pectoral muscles
- originate from sternum
- insert on humerus
- adduct the limb
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