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Nonprotein Nitrogenous Compounds
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What is the major nitrogen containing compound in the blood?
Urea
Where does urea come from?
Result of protein catabolism
Synthesized in the liver from the deamination of amino acids
How does the body get rid of excess urea?
Excreted in the kidneys
What causes an increase in urea?
Renal failure
Glomerular nephritis
Urinary tract obstruction
Congestive heart failure
Dehydration
Increased protein catabolism
What causes a decrease in urea?
Severe liver disease
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Malnutrition
How do you convert BUN to urea?
BUN x 2.14 = Urea
What methodology is used to measure urea?
Kinetic method
Chemical method
What is the reference range of urea?
6-20 mg/dL
What is a waste product of muscle contraction that is formed from phosphocreatine, a high energy compound?
Creatinine
How are creatinine levels regulated?
Regulated by kidney excretion
What is creatinine measured for?
Used to assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
What causes an increase in serum creatinine?
Renal disease
Renal failure
What methodology is used to measure creatinine?
Jaffe method
Enzymatic method
What is the reference range for creatinine?
Male
: 0.9-1.3 mg/dL
Female
: 0.6-1.1 mg/dL
What is the creatinine clearance used for?
Used to
assess the GFR
What is the creatinine clearance formula?
P = Plasma creatinine
U = Urine creatinine
V = Volume
SA = Body surface area
1.73m
2
= Average body surface area
What is the reference range of the creatinine clearance?
Males
: 85-125 mL/min/1.73m
2
Females
: 75-115 mL/min/1.73m
2
What is the major waste product of purine (adenosine and guanine) catabolism?
Uric acid
Where is Uric acid synthesized?
Liver
How is uric acid regulated?
Regulated by the kidneys
through glomerular filtration
Some is excreted through the GI tract
What causes uric acid to increase?
Gout
Renal disorders
Treatment of myeloproliferative disorders
Lead poisoning
Lactic acidosis
Toxemia of pregnancy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
What causes uric acid to decrease?
Severe liver disease as a secondary disorder
Tubular reabsorption disorders
Drug induced
What methodology is used to measure uric acid?
Chemical method
Enzymatic uricase method
What is the reference range for uric acid?
Male
: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL
Female
: 2.6-6.0 mg/dL
How is ammonia produced?
Produced from
deamination of amino acids
How is ammonia regulated?
Hepatocytes convert ammonia
to urea
for excretion
What causes ammonia to increase?
Severe liver cell malfunction
Hepatic failure
Reyes syndrome
What is dangerous about ammonia?
Ammonia is neurotoxic
What is special about the specimen requirements of ammonia?
No hemolysis
Placed immediately on ice
Centrifuge immediately and run
What is the reference range of ammonia?
11-32 micro-mol/L
Author
ncrook
ID
205229
Card Set
Nonprotein Nitrogenous Compounds
Description
Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Ammonia
Updated
2013-05-06T00:23:47Z
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