DISEASES AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Hereditary- genetic inperfections that casue the body to behave abnormally
• Degenerative- altimers disease, degenerative arthritis
• Neoplastic- tumors (benign and mlignet)
• Idiopathic- unknown orgin
• Infectious- casued by organism

• causative agents of diseases
• 4 things to be considered a causative agent:
• same pathogen in every case of the disease
• pathogen must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
• pathogen must cause disease in the experimental host
• same pathogen must be isolated from experimental host

• Entry: Skin, mucous membranes, placenta, parenteral (wound, shot, not a normal body function)
• Exit: Aerosols, Body fluids, excretions (urine and feces)

• Incubation- infection present, replication, no signs and symptoms, most likley to be transfered
• Prodromal- increase in pathogen numbers, vague change in normal body function (tired, aches)
• Acute- rising increase in number of microbes, severe signs and symptoms, eaisest to transfer
• Decline- natural progression of diease, treatment or natural health, signs and symptoms decline
• Convalescence- may have microbes present, no signs and symptoms

epidemiology statistics- number of new cases, new infected individuals within the population, always a lower number than prevalence

number of cases within a population, usually given #/ 100,000 population

• Acute- arise in individual, become strong then go away
• Chronic- always present

• Exogenous- come from outside
• Endogenous- self induced, opportunistic disease, caused by our own endogenous set of micro biota but causes disease due to a change in the house

Nosocomial- specifically hospital acquired diseases, any disease as the result of being treated in a facility- hospital, rehab, doctor office acquired Focal infection- where you have a microbe growing in a certain place in the body but the results of the infection are seen systemically ex- dyphtheria- caused by Corymebateium dyptheriae- grown in throat but travels throughout the body by the blood

• Animals- Zoonoses- Schistosoma, tapeworms, rabies, come from animals
• Humans (active and asymptomatic)
• Active- known people that have the disease
• Asymptomatic- some members of the population that do not show typical signs and symptoms of the disease
• Environmental- Soil, Water, Food

• Endemic- disease that is always present at about the same level within a given population
• Epidemic- unusual increase in the number of cases of a particular disease within a population, population can be defined by demographics, geography
• Pandemic- epidemic diseases that is seen worldwide ex- HIV, SARS
• Sporadic- shows up here and there without satisfying any of the other requirements, usually recurring and small

• Active, Convalescent and Asymptomatic carriers
• Incubation period- short- disease is not usually transmitted, long incubation- more likely that the disease will be transmitted from person to person
• Infectious dose- number of microbes that have to be ingested/ absorbed to cause the disease
• Prior exposure: immunity- new or old- individuals and populations, if you have been exposed to it before you will have some degree of immunity

• Reduction of source- isolate it and deal with it
• Isolation- people to people- isolation of the infected individuals
• Quarantine- used to be applied to populations, couldn’t leave their houses
• Destruction- destruction of source, related to reduction, not the people, but the animals
• Treatment- drugs, reduce propagation of disease
• Immunization- preventative, most efficient

• CDC (Center for Disease Control)
• WHO (World Health Organization)
• PHS (Public Health Service)