-
glucose is a major carb, it is used for?
energy by cells of the body
-
excess of glucose is stored as glycogen in?
muscle & live for later use
-
insulin i s a hormone that is produced by?
Betta cells of the pancreas
-
insulin lowers glucose by
- increasing the intake of glucose to cells
- increases rate of glycolysis (glucose breakdown)
- glucose changes to lactic acide
-
what is a normal range for fasting adult of plasma glucose?
70-99
-
glucose is measured to determine 2 types of disorders that?
is involved in abnormal plasma glucose levels
-
hyperglycemia is
- high glucose in bood
- may be diabetic (>99)
-
hypoglycemia is
- lower glucose in blood
- due to high insulin/bacterial infection
-
High Glucose
>70-99
indicates
- liver disease
- brain damage
- cushings syndrom
- pre-diabetic
-
lower glucose
<70
indicates
- bacterial infection
- hypothyroidism
-
prep glucose fasting samples to get
an accurate blood glucose
-
glucose fasting samples to get
only do;
- only h20 for 12 hrs
- no diuretics, steroids, aspirin for 3 days before test
- FBS>120 mg/dl - may be diabetic (may have 2hr. pp. or GTT)
-
2 hr postprandial sample used to?
- screen gestational diabets
- monitor insulin dose
-
fasting patients eat/drink?
- 100 q carbs for breakfast
- drinks a glucose solution w/ 75g of glucose
-
draw blood for a 1 hr ppbg?
2 hrs after pt finishes breakfast or drink the solution
-
2hrppbg having > 140 mg/dl is?
- abnormal
- return to fasting leves in 1 2/-2 hrs
-
GTT (glucose tolerance test) is?
more thorough than FBS or 2hr pp.
-
hemoglobin A2C is also called?
glycosylated hemoglobin
- measures glucose control over 3 mtnsh
- diabetics should be &% or less (if in control)
-
performing a GTT on pts with?
pt with abnormal FBS or 2hr ppbg
-
performing a GTT diet 3 days prior to include?
150 gms per day of carbs
-
performing a GTT collect fasting us & blood and test a?
ua w/ chemstrip & plasma on chemistry analyzer
-
if FBS is <160 on a GTT you will have the pt?
drink a glucose solution
-
if FB is >160 on a GTT you will ?
contact the physician before continuing with the test
-
after the glucose solution is consumed you start the timer and what?
monitor the pt
-
after drinking the glucose solution you will get blood drawn & ua every how many minutes?
- 30
- 60
- 120
- 180
- (1/2, 1, 2, 3, hrs)
-
during the GTT the patient must follow these guidelines?
- nothing but h2o to drink
- no smoking (inc. metabolism)
- no activity (inc. metabolism)
- watch pt. for reaction (light headed, nausea)
- obtain each urine sample before drawing blood sampltes
- must have 5 urine & 5 blood samples
-
interpret of results for a normal OGTT is?
160-180 mg/dl at 30 & 60 mins (NORMAL)
110 at 2/3 hrs (NORMAL)
-
diabetes mellitus of pt w/ GTT results of?
urine samples (of any) chem-strip, renal threshold exceed
glucose level are higher w/ each blood samples (may have 4-5 hr sample)
pt. lacks insulin
-
hypoglycemia levels may never go over what during the gtt ?
110 mg/dl glucose
-
glucometer instructions are found in what?
the manual
-
similarities of all glucometers are?
- battery operation (easy)
- code strip (with each lot # of test strips)
- check strip (like a standard, calibrates the meter)
- control solutions (run and values fall w/i acceptable range)
- glucose in pt will- cause a color change on test strip (converted to #)
- maintenance of machine (clean, run controls, keep test strips @ room tempt in closed container)
-
4 reasones to use home glucometers?
- convenient
- check glucose immediately when symptoms occur
- decide insulin dosage quickly
- keeps glucose at more desirable level so diseases is minimized
-
electrolytes are?
- sodium
- potassium
- chloride
- co2
-
electrolytes dissolved in plasma they regulate what?
- respiration
- muscle contractions
-
electrolytes are many ions but sodium, potassium, chloride, co2 are
most often analyzed
-
electrolytes must balance out or?
there are harmful effects to pts
-
electrolytes are kept in balance by the?
heart and lungs
-
potassium's normal range in plasma is?
3.5-5.3
-
potassium is need for?
regular heartrate
-
if potassium is hemolyzed samples means it is?
- abnormal
- the potassium is inside rbs
- need to re-draw the sample
-
sodium's normal range in plasma is?
135-147
-
does hemolysis affect sodium?
no
-
chloride's normal range is?
96-109 mmol/l (meg/l)
-
co2's normal range in plasma is?
21-32
-
if co2 is higher is is from?
blood form a vein
-
if co2 is lower is is from?
blood from an artery
-
co2 is affected by what organ's functions?
lung
-
samples for electrolytes, potassium, sodium, chloride, and co2 is?
- plasma
- urine for electrolytes also
-
natremia is?
sodium level in blood
-
kalemia is?
potassium level in blood
-
basic metabolic profile has how many tests?
6
-
basic metabolic profile has?
- lytes (na, k, cl, co2)
- other test: glucose, bun, crea, calcium
- AGAP: calculation to see if electrolytes balance
- common codes- 250 diabetic v58.69 (k, or meds)
-
comprehensive metabolic profile has basic metabolic profile plus 6 other tests that check what organ?
liver
-
comprehensive metabolic profile's enzymes are?
- alt
- ast
- both are liver enzymes
- must have small amount (NORMAL)
-
in comprehensive metabolic profile alt, ast are ordered separately if?
- pt. has liver problems
- if pt. is on cholesterol lowering drug
-
alp - (ALKALINE PHOSPHATE) is found in?
bone & liver in some amounts
-
alp (ALKALINE PHOSPHATE) in children's levels have a higher normal range due to?
bone growth
-
TBil (total bilirubin) have small amounts except?
newborns have higher levels (NORMAL)
-
Tbil (total bilirubin) high in adults with?
liver problems
-
total protein and albumin (t.p. & alb) is part of our total protein, in what people does level decrease?
elderly
-
liver profile is ordered when?
problems with liver
-
2 tests that test kidneyf unction?
-
4 tests of a lipid profile?
- ldl
- hdl
- total cholesterol
- triglycerides
-
how many blood samples && what times?
- 5 SAMPLE
- times: 30, 60, 120, 180
-
norm range for FBS?
70-99
-
diabetic hgb Alc range?
7% OR LESS
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