Music-105

A choral work, usually on a sacred subject and frequently built on a chorale tune, combining aria, recitative, chorus, and instrumental accompaniment.

Continuous bass. A bass part performed by (1) a chordal instrument such as a keyboard instrument or a lute, and (2) a bass instrument such as a cello, viola da gamba, or bassoon that reinforces the bass line.

A work for one or more solo instruments.

A multi-movement work for instruments in which a solo group called the concertino and full ensemble called the repieno are pitted against each other.

all stringed instruments, including those that are plucked, struck, or bowed.

wind instruments of all kind.

solid instruments that are hit, struck together, shaken, scraped, rubbed, or have a hard extension (such as piece of metal attached to an instrument) that is plucked to produce their sounds.

drums that produce their sounds by the vibration of a membrane that is stretched across all or part of the instrument.

• very slow      largo (broad)
•                    grave (grave, solemn)
• slow             lento
•                    adagio(leisurely;literally,@ease)
• moderate      andante (at walking pace)
•                    moderato

• moderate   andante (at walking pace)
•                 moderato
• fast           allegretto
•                 allegro(faster than allegretto
•                            cheerful; literally)
• very fast    vivace (vivacious)
•                 presto
•                 prestissmo (as fast as possible)

A musical texture consisting of two or more equal and independent melodic lines sounding simultaneously. see also ployphony

1600-1750

A composition for solo voice and instrumental accompaniment.

A composition that uses imitation polyphony and is organized around the returns of a theme or subject and a countermelody that often appears with it. Fugues can have more than one subject, but just one is more common.

The earliest type of medieval polyphonic music.

A polyphonic choral work set to a sacred text.

• Genre: Solo concerto
• Tempo: Allegro (fast)
• Form: Ritornello
• Instruments: Concertino solo violin (joined occasionally by two more solo violins). Ripieno: string orchestra with continuo and archlute ( a lute with extra bass strings)

• Genre: Organ Fugue
• Form: Fugue
• Texture: Polyphonic
• Instruments: Solo Organ

• Genre: Tenor chorale from a church cantata
• Texture: Polyphonic
• Voices & Instruments: Tenor voices with first violins, and violas in unison (playing the same notes together) and continuo, harpsichord, organ, and bassoon.

A form of "singing speech" in which the rhythm is dictated by natural inflection of the words.

• Genre: Motet
• Texture: Polyphonic and Monophonic
• Voices: 4

• Genre: Organum/plainchant
• Texture: Two part polyphonic, then monophonic chant.
• Voices: Two Melodies and then One, with each melody (or voice) sung by a small group of men.

• Date: 1689
• Genre: Recitative and aria from opera
• texture: Homophonic
• Form: Recitative free form
• Voices & Instruments: Soprano Voice, theorbo (lute-like plucked string instrument), first violins, second violins, viola, and bass violin.

• Date: 1741
• Genre: Aria
• Texture: Homophonic
• Voices & Instruments: Solo tenor voice with two violins, viola, and continuo played by organ, harpsichord and cello.

The relationship between the melodic and harmonic aspects of a piece of music. The principal classifications are monophony, homophony, and polyphony.

An extended choral work made up of recitatives, arias, and choruses, without costuming stage action or scenery.

"Robbed"  A term indicating that a performer may treat the tempo with a certain amount of freedom, shortening the duration of some beats and correspondingly lengthening others.

• 3 movements
• Fast>Slow>Fast

A German Hymn, often used as a unifying theme for cantata.

An instrumental work consisting of three or four contrasting movements.

A composition for solo voice and instrumental accompaniment.

A vocal style midway between recitative and aria. Its meter is less flexible than that of recitative, but its form is much simpler and more flexible than an aria.

A series of instrumental movements., each based on a particular dance rhythm.

A "broken" chord in which the tones are played one after another in rapid succession instead of simultaneously.

Designating a song in which all verses of text are sung to the same music.