-
a pyogenic cocci that is gram positive
-
secretes the enzyme hyaluronidase
Staphylococcus aureus
-
secretes the enzyme coagulase
Staphylococcus aureus
-
proof of __________ secretion is the most convenient and reliable measure of whether or not a staphylococcus is pathogenic or not
coagulase
-
secretes enterotoxin
Staphylococcus aureus
-
a gut poison that will lead to food poisoning
secretes enterotoxin
-
MRSA
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
-
Staphylococcus aureus portal of entry and exit
-
Staphylococcus aureus mode of transmission
usually via direct contact with skin
-
in the case of ________ ______ ______, the organism or it's enterotoxin must be ingested so transmission is via indirect contact
staphylococcal food poisoning
-
the most common form of Staphylococcal disease in man
skin abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus
pathogenicity
-
_________ infects the hair folicle causing a boil or furuncle
skin abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus
pathogenicity
-
this infection may spread to the subcutaneous layers of the skin producing deep-seated boils
carbuncles
pathogenicity
Staphylococcus aureus
-
carbuncles may spread even more and form pockets of pus that is an infection
cellulitis or phlegmon
pathogenicity
Staphylococcus aureus
-
the lesions are characterized by the pressure of a thick, yellow pus
cellulitis or phlegmon
pathogenicity
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Staphylococcus aureus may cause the more serious infections of (2)
scalded (staphylococcol) skin syndrome (SSSS)
toxic epidermal necrolysis
-
caused by the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin
food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
-
one of the most common forms of food poising
food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
-
this toxin is heat-stable
staphylococcal enterotoxin
-
heat-stable
heating does not destroy it
-
the toxin will affect the vomit reflex in the brain within 4 to 6 hours after ingestion
staphylococcal enterotoxin
food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
-
resolves itself within eight hours without significant harmful effects to the host
staphylococcal enterotoxin
food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
-
often forms in foods such as:
mayonaise containing meat salads
cream filled pastries
staphylococcal enterotoxin
food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
-
it is common for S. aureus to cause infections in those with weakened immune systems such as bronchopneumonia that occurs after a primary bacterial or viral infection
staphylococcal enterotoxin
secondary infections
Staphylococcus aureus
-
hospital acquired infections, one of the most common is MRSA
staphylococcal enterotoxin
nosocomial infections
Staphylococcus aureus
-
caused by a toxin produced bu S. aureus called TSST-1
this toxin induces hypotension
toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
-
was once a common disease of menstruating women who used super absorbent tampons
toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
-
the tampons caused excessive drying of the vaginal mucosa as well as providing a good culture medium for toxin-producing bacteria
toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
-
the injured vaginal mucosa then allows for the entry of the toxin in the blood stream
toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
-
could possibly lead to circulatory collapse
toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
-
a pyogenic cocci that is gram-positive
Staphylococcus pyogenes
-
causes several rapidly progressive diseases and leads to some serious sequelae
Staphylococcus pyogenes
-
classified as a Beta Hemolytic streptococci because when grown on blood agar, complete hemolysis is shown by a clear ring of no blood cells around the colony
Staphylococcus pyogenes
-
________ can cause skin infections like the ____________ but will rarely produce abscesses
1. streptococci
2. staphylococci
-
Staphylococcus pyogenes port of entry and exit
skin and mouth
-
Staphylococcus pyogenes mode of transmission
either direct or indirect contact
-
the most common disease caused by this streptococci
septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
a common precursor to other streptococcal infections such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
____ _____ _____ symptoms often occur suddenly and include: (10)
1. septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
- beefy red throat
- malaise
- fever
- nausea
- vomiting
- chills
- headache
- rapid heartbeat
- children may have convulsions
- swollen tonsils & cervical lymph nodes
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
children under four years of age often only have a runny nose
septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
cough, laryngitis, and stuffy nose are very uncommon in this disease and may indicate another cause of the illness such as a cold or allergy
septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
a disease that is a result of S. pyogenes being introduced into the uterus during childbirth
Puerperal sepsis
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
it causes an inflammation reaction in the uterus
Puerperal sepsis
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
before the use of antiseptic birthing procedures, this disease was a frequent cause of death
Puerperal sepsis
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
a result of a streptococcal sore throat
Scarlet fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
it is caused by an exotoxin produced by the bacteria erythrogenic toxin
Scarlet fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
responsible for a widespread, pink-red rash most obvious on the abdomen, shoes of the chest, and in the skin folds
Erythrogenic toxin
Scarlet fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
also characterized by:
fever
flushed face
inflamed red tongue
pale area around the mouth
dark red lines in the skin folds
Scarlet fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
the outer layer of reddened skin often peels after the fever has subsided
Scarlet fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
follows strep throat of about three weeks duration
Rheumatic fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
an inflammatory disease of connective tissue, the joints, heart and brain
Rheumatic fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
fever & pain are prominent manifestations
Rheumatic fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
involves the heart valves and causes a general inflammation of the heart called carditis
Rheumatic fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
it may result in permanent valvular damage that compromises the function of the heart
Rheumatic fever
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
a pyogenic cocci that is gram-positive
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
a normal flora bacteria of the upper respiratory tract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
will only cause disease if the host is immunocompromised, if the lining of the respiratory tract has been damaged by another condition, or if someone had had their spleen removed because the antibodies against the bacteria are formed in the spleen
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
it appears as a pair of cells that have a characteristic lance or lanceolate shape (a diplococcus)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
no toxins or enzymes of significance are produced
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
it produces a very important capsule without the capsule the organism is unable to produce disease
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) portals of entry & exit
through the mouth and nose
-
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) modes of transmission
rarely spreads from person to person
but by direct and indirect contact
-
the classic disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
lobar pneumonia
-
causes an accumulation of fluid in the alveolar sacs of the lungs
lobar pneumonia
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
death usually occurs by asphyxiation due to the inability of the lungs to exchange respiratory gases
lobar pneumonia
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
inflammation of the lining of the brain & spinal cord
meningitis
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
the second most common cause of meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
pathogenicity
-
a common cause of middle ear infection in children
Otitis media
pathogenicity
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
a pyogenic cocci that is gram-negative
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
occurs in pairs
(a diplococcus)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
organized in a coffee bran or kidney bean arrangement
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
common normal flora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and intestinal tracts
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) portals of entry & exit
reproductive system & anus
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) modes of tranmission
direct sexual contact for gonorrhea & opthalmia neonatorium
indirect contact for vulvovaginitis
-
pili or fimbriae serve to adhere the bacteria to the mucosal surface of the urethra
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) ... for the gonococcus specifically NOT for all Neisseria
-
pili attach so well that the passage of urine will not wash it away
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
a venereal disease associated with an inflammatory reaction on the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
in men; it appears as symptoms of acute urethritis within 2 to 7 days of infection:
painful urination
an exudate from the urethra containing pus and numerous WBCs
frequent and urgent need to urinate
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
in men; may spread to the testes and cause:
orchitis
epididymitis
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
in women; first symptoms may appear 7 to 21 days following infection
usually remain mild, if they appear at all
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
in women; it may only be discovered after their partners been diagnosed
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
some cases are more intense though and the woman may exhibit many of the same or similar symptoms as men
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
in women; most cases are asymptomatic & chronic
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
in women; the infection may spread to the peritoneum, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or cervix;
if this occurs, the infection may cause deep pelvic pain or tenderness during sexual intercourse;
the disease would then be referred to as PID or pelvic inflammatory disease
Gonorrhea
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
disease of the eye of newborns
Ophthalmia neonatorum
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
contracted when the infant passes through the birth canal of a mother who is infected with the gonococcus
Ophthalmia neonatorum
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
it may be treated with antibiotics or a solution of silver nitrate may be applied to the eyes
Ophthalmia neonatorum
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
a non-venereal disease of the urogenital tract in pre-pubescent girls
Vulvovaginitis
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
contracted from inanimate objects or articles that may harbor secretions from older girls infected with the gonococcus
Vulvovaginitis
pathogenicity
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
-
a pyogenic cocci that is gram-negative
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
occur in pairs
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
organized in a coffee bean or kidney bean arrangement
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
common normal flora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and intestinal tracts
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
the only other characteristic different from those of the gonococcus is the meningococcus is a strict parasite of humans
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) portals of entry & exit
through the mouth & nose
-
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) modes of transmission
direct or indirect contact with a carrier or person ill with meningitis
-
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) modes of transmission
spread via respiratory droplets that have been aspirated into the nasopharynx
-
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) modes of transmission
the organism attaches to the non-ciliated epithelial cells of the nasopharynx with fimbriae
-
the presence of the meningococcus in the blood
meningococcemia
pathogenicity
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
an initial infection occurs in the nasopharynx
meningococcemia
pathogenicity
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
the bacteria enter the blood stream via the cervical lymph nodes
meningococcemia
pathogenicity
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
symptoms of _________ may be:
fever
malaise
petechia
purpura
meningococcemia
pathogenicity
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
may lead to hemorrhaging of the adrenal glands
meningococcemia
pathogenicity
neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
Waterhouse-Frederichsen syndrome
hemorrhaging of the adrenal glands
-
several different bacteria and viruses may cause meningitis but only ______ __________ is referred to as the meningococcus
neisseria meningitidis
-
Neisseria meningitidis causes an ___________ form of ________ where many people become infected in a short amount if time
1. epidemic
2. meningitis
-
after meningococcemia has become established, the organism will cross the blood-brain barrier and localize in the meninges
epidemic meningitis
-
the protective layers of tissue around the brain and spinal cord
meninges
-
will cause an inflammation of the meninges with the following symptoms:
severe headache
stiff neck
death within 6 to 8 hours of onset of symptoms
epidemic meningitis
-
the most often used drug to treat meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis
penicillin
-
What is the inflammatory disease of connective tissue, the joints, heart and brain that can
follow a three-week bout with strep throat?
Rheumatic fever
-
What bacteria appear in a diplococcus formation?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
-
What bacterium produces the toxin that causes toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Which bacterium is classified as a strict parasite of humans?
Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
-
The spread of a staph infection into the subcutaneous layers of the skin may produce what?
carbuncles
-
What is the most common disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
Septic sore throat (Streptococcal sore throat)
-
Which bacteria are gram-positive?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)
-
Which bacteria are gram-negative?
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
-
What is the condition of the presence of the meningococcus in the blood?
Meningococcemia
-
Erythrogenic toxin plays a role in what disease?
Scarlet fever
-
Which bacterium exhibits a characteristic lance or lanceolate shape?
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)
-
Which bacterium will cause the formation of a furuncle?
Staphylococcus aureus
-
How is staphylococcal food poisoning transmitted?
mayonnaise containing meat salads
cream filled pastries
-
Which bacterium secretes enterotoxin that will cause food poisoning?
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Which disease is due to an organism crossing the blood-brain barrier?
Epidemic meningitis
-
Which disease is often asymptomatic and chronic in women?
Gonorrhea
-
Which bacterium is a common cause of nosocomial infections
MRSA
-
What disease is treated with a solution of silver nitrate?
Ophthalmia neonatorum
-
What is the second most common cause of meningitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
Which bacterium is unable to produce disease without the presence of a capsule?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
What condition may lead to hemorrhaging of the adrenal glands?
meningococcemia
-
Considering all of the conditions we discussed, in what situation is hypotension manifested?
Toxic shock syndrome
-
What drug is used drug to treat an infection with the meningococcus?
Penicilin
-
What is the best measure of whether or not a staphylococcus is pathogenic?
secretion of hyaluronidase and coagulase
-
Which bacterium commonly causes infections like bronchopneumonia in those with weakened immune systems?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
Which bacterium causes a zone of beta hemolysis when grown on blood agar?
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
What disease rarely spreads from person to person?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
What is the most common form of staphylococcal disease in man?
septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
-
Which bacterium is organized in a coffee or kidney bean arrangement?
Neisseria sp.
-
Which bacterium produces NO toxins or enzymes to be pathogenic?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
Which bacterium would not normally cause disease unless a host has had the spleen removed?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
ln what disease do the pili play an important role?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-
What disease is characterized by dark red lines in the skinfolds?
Scarlet fever
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