-
The composition of blood is:
55% plasma, 45% formed elements
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A hematocrit of 45% means that in every 100 ml of whole blood:
there are 45 ml of red blood cells and 55 ml of plasma.
NORMAL
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Reduced red blood cell numbers cause:
anemia
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Which formed elements carry oxygen?
erythrocytes
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All formed elements arise from which stem cell?
hemocytoblast
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Hematocrit and packed cell volume (PCV) are ______ terms.
sysnonymous
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A reticulocyte count can't indicate to a physician the rate of leukocyte ______.
formation
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Oxygen deficiency increases RBC numbers by increasing the secretion of erythropoietin by the _____.
kidneys
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classification of leukocytes that contain cytoplasmic granules:
Granulocytes
-
most numerous leukocytes
neutrophils
-
granulocytes that release heparin and histamine
BASOPHILS
-
granulocytes that protect against infections from parasitic worms and allergic reactions
EOSINOPHILS
-
agranulocytes that produce antibodies
LYMPHOCYTES
-
agranulocytes that enter tissue spaces as macrophages
MONOCYTES
-
cell fragments that function in blood clotting and hemostasis
PLATELETS
-
cells from which platelets are formed
MEGAKARYOCYTES
-
classification of leukocytes without cytoplasmic granules
AGRANULOCYTES
-
classification of formed elements that are nucleated cells lacking hemoglobin
LEUKOCYTES
-
A person with antibody A in his or her plasma would have which blood type?
type B
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People with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood contains:
neither A nor B antigens on their RBCs
-
A blood type and crossmatch is performed prior to transfusion. If this procedure is not competed:
- the blood may agglutinate
- blood lysis my occur
- a transfusion reaction may occur
-
Type AB blood is considered to be the __________ ________.
universal recipient
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Type AB blood contains ___ plasma antibodies.
NO
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Most blood does not contain the _______ antibodies.
anti-Rh
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____ is a plae yellow fluid that accounts for more than half of the blood volume.
Plasma
-
_____ is whole blood minus the clotting elements.
Serum
-
What are critial components of coagulation?
-
For prothrombin to be synthesized by the liver, an adequate amount of which vitamin is required?
Vitamin K
-
What hasten clotting?
- rough spot in the endothelium
- abnormally slow blood flow
-
______ is an excess of RBCs.
Polycythemia
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_______ _______ often results from the destruction of bone marrow by drugs, toxic chemicals, or radiation.
Aplastic anemia
-
A type of hemolytic anemia common to African-Americans is _____ _____ _____.
Sickle Cell Anemia
-
_________ refers to an abnormally low WBC count.
Luekopenia
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______ is a stationary clot.
Thrombus
-
A circulating clot is a(n) _____.
EMBOLUS
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________ is a type of X-linked inherited disorder that results from a failure to form blood-clotting factore VIII, IX, or XI.
Hemophilia
-
Sickle cell anemia is caused by:
a genetic defect
-
Polycythemia is characterized by an abnormally high number of:
erythrocytes
-
PERNICIOUS anemia is caused by a lack of vitamin:
B 12
-
Deficiency in the number or function of erythrocytes is called:
anemia
-
They have ability to fight infections
They provide defense against certain parasites
They provide immune defense
Characteristics of what?
Leukocytes
-
What is found in Serum?
water & hormones
-
What is NOT found in blood plasma?
-
An allergic reaction may increase the number of:
EOSINOPHILS
-
What is a blood clot that is moving through the body called?
embolism
-
When could difficulty with the Rh blood factor arise?
Rh-negative woman and an Rh-positive man produce a child
-
What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
carry oxygen
-
Steps involved in blood clot formation?
- A blood vessel is injured and platelet factors are formed
- Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
-
-
Erythrocyte disorder:
anemia
-
type AB:
contain A & B antigens
-
-
-
-
type O:
contains anti-A and anti-B antibodies
-
Rh factor:
erythroblastosis fetalis
-
Buffy coat:
thin, white layer of leukocytes and platelets
-
Neutrophils:
phagocytosis
-
Leukopenia:
deccrease in WBCs
-
Hematocrit:
volume percent of RBCs in whole blood
-
Some WBCs are capable of diapedesis; this means they can:
migrate out of blood vessels into tissue spaces
-
What has the greatest power of phagocytosis in the tissue?
-
The major ingredient in hemoglobin that allows oxygen to be transported is:
IRON
-
A person with only antibody B in her or her plasma would have which blood type?
Type A
-
Thrombocytes are used for:
blood clotting
-
What cell types are classified as agranulocytes?
-
Under the microscope, erythrocytes appear as:
biconcave disks without nuceli
-
What is plasma?
- Liquid part of blood.
- Made up of 90% water and 10% solutes
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