ch 4 applied psych cjs

examines individual and human behavior

branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of mental disorders, including personality disorders

mild personality disorders

very serious personality disorders

behavioral explanations of the mind's functioning

• suspends the notion of free will
• criminals suffer from arrested or interrupted psychological development

phenomena about which we are currently aware

thoughts and memories, just below the surface, that we can easily call into conscious awareness

repressed memories and attendant emotions that we can pull into the conscious level only with much effort

• accumulation of repressed memories and emotions as we pass through life
• stages of psychosexual development
• unconscious

• 1. the oral stage (birth to 18 months)
• 2. the anal stage (1-3 years)
• 3. genital stage (3-5 years)
• 4. latent stage (5 to adolescence0
• 5. adolscence/adulthood stage (13 to death)

psychic energy

when cathexis is strong to an object of psychosexual attachment

person reverts to a previous mode of gratification

• 1. denial
• 2. displacement
• 3. repression
• 4. reaction formation
• 5. projection
• 6. sublimination

• 1. id---impulses or instincts
• 2. ego---great mediator
• 3. superego---conscince-type mechanism

tends toward immediate and direct gratification of the id impulses

shifts focus from orginal object or method of discharge when something--including superego--blocks a drive

state exists when an individual refuses to acknowledge a painful reality, resulting in a distortion of reality

individual expresses unacceptable id impulses through an acceptable outlet

ego prevents unwanted id impulses, memories, desire, or wish-fulfilling fantasies from entering the conscious-thought level

allwos an individual to replace socially unacceptable behavior with behavior that is socially acceptable

allows an individual to attribute her or his own wishes or impulses to others

individual who cannot experience a continous drive in its primary form and employs this mechanism

unreasonable fears

aims the patient at giving up the repressions that belong to his early life and replace them with reaction of a sort that would correspond better to a physically mature condition

• patient verbally expresses ideas as they come to mind
• to exposed repressed matieral

• encourages patients to recall and analyze dreams
• hold key to person's makeup--frued

patient develops a negative or positive emotional attitude toward the psychoanalyst.

• 1. operational def are unclear
• 2. diagnosis is subjective
• 3. small samples are problematic
• 4. psychoanalytical theories are examples of the tautological trap

• prichard
• term used to describe people who has a morbid perversion of the natural feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, habits, moral dispositions, and natural impulses w/o any remarkable disorder or defect of the intellect or knowing and reasoning faculties with no illusions or hallucinations

• people who had moral and emotional aberrations derived from congenital factors
• koch

• kraepelin
• wicked offenders
• "enemies of society"
• moral component

• (cleckley)
• grandiose
• callous
• superficial
• manipulative

• assumption in the ways in which people express their habitual patterns and behavioral qualities
• holds key to understanding behavior

• refers to mental condition psychologists classify as
• psychopathic personality disorder (PPD)

condition of psychological abnormality in which there is niether the overt apperance of psychosis nor neurosis, but there is a chronic abnormality or response to the environment

• ellis
• provides biological explanation for antisocial behavior and asocial conduct
• looks to stimulation levels sought by individuals

the part of the brain responsible for attentiveness to the surrounding world

20 item rating scale based on semistructed interviews, case history information, and specific diagnostic criteria related to each item

• 1. there is little consensus about which def of psychopathy to use
• 2. concepts drawn from the theory have low prospective prediction power
• 3. the measurement techniques seem prone to circularity
• 4. psersonality theories are prone to tautologies

• psychological tests
• goal is to identify "crime personality" markers or characteristics

• describes undesired police characteristics
• cheif one is authoritarianism

refers to a personality type characterized by undemocratic tendencies, cycnicism, and a readiness to condemn others soley based on race or ethnicity

• closed minded beliefs about reality centered on an abosulte authority
• provides framework for intolerance and qulaified tolerance