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List 4 of the major modern psychological schools of thought, their founder(s) and essential components
- Psychodynamic - Sigmund Freud [influence of unconscious mind on behavior]
- Behavioral - B. F. Skinner, John B. Watson & Ivan Pavlov [measure only observable behavior]
- Humanistic - Abraham Maslov, Carl Rogers[self-actualization, being the best a person can be]
- Cognitive - Ulric (Dick) Neisser [focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention]
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Explain two theories explaining why we dream.
Adaptive Theory - theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active
Restorative Theory - suggests that during the day, wear and tear on our bodily tissues and organs leads to damage, then at night during sleep, the body repairs these damaged tissues and cells
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List each of the 5 categories of addictive substances with an example within each category
- Stimulant - Caffeine: coffee & tea
- Depressant - Alcohol: beer, wine, spirits
- Narcotic - Morphine
- Hallucinogen - LCD
- Other: Sugar
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Explain what an SSRI is and how it works
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- a drug that stops the reuptake of certain serotonine so its around for later (and may be used throughout the day to keep a person's mood stable)
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List the parts of the Limbic System and their functions
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Cingulate Cortex
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Thalamus
- TRIAGE nurse: ALL INCOMING INFO here first
- Regulates levels of awareness, attention, motivation, and emotional aspects of sensations
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Hypothalamus
- Monitors INTERNAL systems
- Responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex
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Hippocampus
- Helps form new memories
- Responsible for taking things from Working Memory into Long-term Memory - the storage of memory for location of objects
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Amygdala
- Responsible for fear responses and memory of fear; also the pleasure center
- Fight or Flight
- Encodes emotional messages into Long-term Memory
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Cingulate Cortex
emotional and cognitive functioning
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Describe a possible research experiment using one of the methods presented and each step of the scientific method. Include IV and DV.
Method: Laboratory (turns out the idea is to completely make something up on your own TT_TT)
- 1.Question: How does REM and nREM sleep affect a person's emotions?
- 2.Hypothesis: REM and nREM affect an individual's emotions
- 3. Test: Wake a person up during REM sleep, later wake a person up during nREM sleep. Give a 3 letter sequence to allow them to finish a word to generate the overall emotional impact of the person.
- 4. Conclusion: REM sleep - active amygdala, produced negative emotions; nREM - positive emotions
- 5. Report results: test and retest to create reliability. Share findings and offer to the community of psychologists to allow them to replicate and authenticate your results.
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