Psych220- CH 2 MIDTERM

The basic cell that makes up the entire nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system.

short fiber that conducts messages toward the cell body of the neuron

the cell body of the neuron that contains the nucleus

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

• It is at the end of the Axon Terminal.
• The synaptic knob has synaptic vesicles w/ neurotransmitters inside them.
• When a nerve impulse reaches this area, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles.

It is a chemical that is produced in a neuron that carries messages to other neurons.

the microscopic gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

a location on a receptor neuron into which a specific neurotransmitter fits like a key into a lock

The sucking back up of neurotransmitters into the original firing synaptic knob to be stored and used for later.

• appears to be involved in learning and memory.
• not enough = dementia, eg. Alzheimer's disease

• a neurotransmitter associated with arousal, sleep, appetite, moods, and emotions
• not enough = depression

• A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, learning, and the brain’s pleasure and reward system.
• too little: Parkinson's
• too much: schizophrenia

involved in pain relief

• Divided into Somatic and Autonomic systems.
• Allows communication between brain, spinal cord and muscles/glands.

• Consists of:
• Sensory pathway: sends messages from sensory organs (skin, eyes, ears, etc.) to Central Nervous System
• Motor pathway: messages from the Central Nervous System to voluntary muscles

• controls all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands
• Consists of:
• Sympathetic and Parasympathetic division.

• A division of the Autonomic Nervous System.
• The fight-or-flight system.
• "cares about you"

Restores body to normal functioning after arousal.

The system of glands including the Pituitary**, Pineal, Thyroid, Pancreas, Gonads and Adrenal.

• 1 hypothalamus
• 2 pituitary**
• 3 far more
• 4 slower (rate)

The relatively primitive brain structure that starts where our spinal cord enters our head. Neurons within the brain stem control basic functions such as heart rate and breathing.

Part of the human brain involved in emotions, learning and memory.

• hippocampus
• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• amygdala
• cingulate cortex

• helps form new memories.
• responsible for taking things from WM into long term memory storage for location of objects.

• TRIAGE nurse. ALL INCOMING INFO here first.
• Impacts regulation of levels of awareness, attention, motivation, and emotional aspects of sensations.

• Monitors INTERNAL systems.
• Responsible for behaviors such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex.
• Almost a brain within a brain since it does so much.

• Responsible for fear responses and memory of fear; also the pleasure center.
• Fight or flight decision starts here.
• Encodes an emotional message into long term memory.

• emotional and cognitive functioning.
• Linked to ADHD/MDD and Bipolar.

80 - 90% of the brain is here.

located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure

• Has two cerebral cortexes separated by the Corpus Collusum
• THINKING, MEMORY, and SPEECH, MUSCLE MOVEMENT happen here

• Frontal lobe
• Temporal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital lobe

Front part of the brain; involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, selective attention, personality and a variety of "higher cognitive functions."

Part of the brain involved in speech, language, memory, hearing and high level visual processing.

processes information about touch, taste, pressure, pain, and heat and cold.

Receives, interprets, and recognizes visual stimuli

• "little brain"
• Coordinates movement, Timing and perfection of complex motor tasks

Most (3.6 times as many)

procedural