Biology Exam Review

Sedimentary structure consisting of laminated carbonate or silicate rocks

What type of prokaryotes are found in stromalites?

Is it true that prokaryotes' mass significantly outweighs eukarkyotes?
True False

Able to cause disease

A bacteria, virus, or fungus that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease

What are the three morphologies of bacteria?

Name for the bacteria shape that is rod-shaped or oval

Name for the bacteria shape that is round or spherical

Name for the bacteria shape that is corkscrew or spiral

What are bacterial walls made up of?

Thick peptidoglycan

Thin Peptidoglycan

Hair like appendages

Conjugation + adherent

Flagella + Cilia

How can prokaryotes withstand harsh conditions?

A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells; has a thick protective coat

What types of bacteria carry out photosynthesis?

Smaller rings of DNA that carry genes that may provide resistance to antibiotics or metabolize rare nutrients, among other metabolic activities

thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a surface; channels in this allow nutrients and wastes to move inside and outside of it

We get some of our antibiotics from bacteria. What is the major source?

Proteins secreted by bacterial cells

Components of the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria, released when the cell dies or is digested by a defensive cell

What causes Lyme's Disease?

What prokaryotes are "hot topics" for biological weapons?

Using organisms to clean up pollutants

Close association between organisms of two or more species

How do amoeba move?

Eukaryotes with a membrane-bound chromosome, multiple chromosome, flagella or cilia with 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules

Produce own food

Must ingest food

Mutually beneficial association of plant roots and fungi hyphae; enabled plants to colonize land

Seeds develop within protective ovaries

produce seeds in cones

What percentage of our prescription drugs come from plants?

Heterotrophic eukaryotes; digest their food externally and absorb the nutrients

A plant consisting of algae or cyanobacteria within a fungal network

Multicelluar eukaryote, a photoautotroph, making organic molecules by photosynthesis

Subterranean organs (underground)

Aerial leaf-bearing organs (above ground)

Located in leaves of plants, allow for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere

transport vital materials within a plant

Helps the plant retain water

What are the 4 major groups of plants?

The major group of plants that are non-vascular without lignified walls, true roots, or true leaves. For example: Mosses

The major group of plants that have vascular tissue hardened with lignin, without seeds

The major group of plants that evolve with seeds that consist of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective covering but not enclosed in specialized chambers. For example: Conifers

The major group of plants with complex reproductive structures called flowers that bear seeds within protective chambers called ovaries

Formed from the remains of long-dead organisms; include coal, oil, and natural gas

Helps protect he seed and increases seed disperal

What are 3 mechanisms of seed dispersal?

Thread-like filaments on the bodies of most fungi

Interwoven network of hyphae branches, it's also the feeding structure of the fungus

What is the major role for fungi in the environment?

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organism that obtain nutrients by ingestion, able to digest their food within their bodies

What are HOX genes?

Any slice through the central axis that divides the animal into mirror image halves

Mirror image right and left sides, a distinct head and tail, and a back (dorsal) and belly (ventral) surface

What invertebrates lack true tissues?

What invertebrates exhibit radial symmetry?

What two body forms do cnidarians assume?

Filtering food particles from water passed through food-trapping equipment; For example: sponges

Represented by soft-bodied animals, usually protected by a hard shell; feed by using a file-like organ called a radula to scrape up food

3 Major groups of molluscs

Named for their jointed appendages

What are the 4 major groups of arthropods?

3 main parts of the body of an insect

Where do insects live?

What insects undergo in their development process

Marine invertebrates, lack body segments have an endoskeleton, and a water vascular system that facilitates movement and gas exchange