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ACIDOPHILE
ORGANISMS THAT GROW BEST IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENTS
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ALKALINOPHILE
ORGANISMS THAT GROW BEST IN ALKALINE ENVIRONMENTS
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ANTAGONISM
COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN FREE LIVING SPECIES
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ANTIBIOSIS
THE PRODUCTION OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS DESIGNED TO DESTROY OR INHIBIT OTHER MICROBES IN THE SAME HABITAT
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BAROPHILE
LIVE IN UNDER PRESSURE FROM A FEW - 1000 TIMES ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IE: DEEP SEA MICROBES
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CAPNOPHILE
ORGANISMS THAT GROW BEST AT HIGHER CO2 LEVELS
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CARDINAL TEMPERATURE
THE RANGE OF TEMPS FOR THE GROWTH OF A GIVEN MICROBIAL SPECIES
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COLONY
A CLUSTER OF MACROMOLECULES THAT COME FROM A SINGLE CELL
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COMMENSALISM
ONE PARTNER RECEIVES BENEFITS WHILE THE OTHER PARTNER IS NOT HARMED NOR BENEFITS FROM THE RELATIONSHIP
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DIFFUSION
MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES DOWN THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
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FACULTATIVE
CAN SWITCH FROM USING O2 TO USING CO2 FOR METABOLISM
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GENERATION
INCREASES THE POPULATION BY A FACTOR OF 2
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GENERATION TIME
THE TIME IT TAKES TO CREATE A NEW GENERATION
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HALOPHILE
PREFER ENVIRONMENTS WITH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SALT
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HYPERTONIC
SOLUTE CONCENTRATION IS HIGHER INSIDE THE CELL THAN OUTSIDE THE CELL
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HYPOTONIC
SOLUTE CONCENTRATION IS LOWER OUTSIDE THE CELL THAN INSIDE THE CELL
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INORGANIC
SIMPLE MOLECULE MADE UP OF ATOMS OTHER THAN CARBON OR HYDROGEN
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ISOTONIC
SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS ARE THE SAME INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE CELL
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MACRONUTRIENTS
NEEDED IN LARGE QUANTITIES, PLAY MAJOR PART IN CELL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM C,H,O
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MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
HIGHEST TEMP A MICROBE CAN GROW AND METABOLIZE IN
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MICRONUTRIENTS
"TRACE ELEMENTS" SMALLER AMOUNTS INVOLVED IN ENZYME FUNCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE Mn, Zn, Ni
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MINIMUM TEMPERATURE
LOWEST TEMP A MICROBE CAN GROW AND METABOLIZE IN
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MUTUALISM
ORGANISMS LIVE IN OBLIGATORY RELATIONSHIP BUT BOTH BENEFIT FROM IT
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OBLIGATE
HAS TO HAVE THE RIGHT CONDITIONS, NUTRIENTS AND HOST IN ORDER TO GROW
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OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE
THE BEST TEMP FOR FASTEST GROWTH AND METABOLISM RATES
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ORGANIC
SIMPLE ORGANIC MOLECULES THAT CONTAIN CARBON AND HYDROGEN AND ARE THE PRODUCTS OF LIVING THINGS
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OSMOPHILE
LIVE IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH HIGH SOLUTE CONCENTRATION
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OSMOSIS
THE DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH A SELECTIVELY, DIFFERENTIAL OR PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
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OSMOTIC PRESSURE
PRESSURE CAUSED BY THE DIFFERENCE IN THE AMOUNTS OF SOLUTE BETWEEN SOLUTIONS THAT ARE SEPARATED BY A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
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PARASITE
DERIVE NUTRIENTS FROM A LIVING HOST AND CAUSE HARM
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PARASITISM
HOST PROVIDES HABITAT AND NUTRIENTS TO MICROBE AND IS HARMED IN SOME WAY BECAUSE OF IT
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PATHOGEN
MICROORGANISM THAT CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO TISSUES OR EVEN DEATH
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SYMBIOTIC
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 ORGANISMS LIVING TOGETHER
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SYNERGISM
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 ORGANISMS THAT IS MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL BUT NOT NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL
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VIABLE NON-CULTURE
MANY CELLS IN CULTURE IN DEATH PHASE STAY ALIVE BUT ARE DORMANT
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ANABOLISM
THE PROCESS OF BUILDING LARGER MACROMOLECULES FROM SMALLER ONES USING ATP
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APOENZYME
PROTEIN PORTION OF A CONJUGATED ENZYME
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CATABOLISM
THE PROCESS OF BREAKING DOWN LARGER MACROMOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES USING ATP
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CATALYST
A SUBSTANCE THAT PROMOTES A CHEMICAL REACTION BY LOWERING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY WITHOUT ITSLEF BEING CHANGED IN THE END
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COENZYME
ORGANIC COFACTOR MOLECULES
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COFACTOR
INORGANIC ELEMENTS (METAL IONS)
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ENDERGONIC
REACTIONS ARE DRIVEN FORWARD WITH THE ADDITION OF ENERGY
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ENZYME
CATALYST THAT INCREASE CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED OR DESTROYED
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EXERGONIC
REACTIONS RELEASE ENERGY, MAKING IT AVAILABLE FOR CELLULAR WORK
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HOLOENZYME
CONJUGATED ENZYMES MADE OF PROTEIN AND NON-PROTEIN MOLECULES
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METABOLISM
ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND PHYSICAL WORKING OF THE CELL
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OXIDIZED
WHEN A COMPOUND LOSES ELECTRONS
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REDUCED
WHEN A COMPOUND GAINS ELECTRONS
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SUBSTRATE
REACTANT MOLECULES ACTED ON BY AN ENZYME, HAVE UNIQUE ACTIVE SITES ON THE ENZYMES THAT FIT ONLY THAT SUBSTRATE
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CHROMOSOME
DISCRETE CELLULAR STRUCTURE COMPOSED OF A NEATLY PACKAGED DNA MOLECULE
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COMPETENT
CELLS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF ACCEPTING GENETIC MATERIAL
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GENE
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF HEREDITY RESPONSIBLE FOR A GIVEN TRAIT IN AN ORGANISM
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GENETICS
THE STUDY OF INHERITANCE
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GENOME
- SUM TOTAL OF GENETIC MATERIAL OF AN ORGANISM
- MOSTLY CHROMOSOMES
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GENOTYPE
- THE SUM OF ALL GENE TYPES
- AN ORGANISM'S DISTINCTIVE GENETIC MAKEUP
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HEREDITY
THE TRANSMISSION OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES FROM PARETN TO OFFSPRING
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MUTAGEN
- PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS THAT DISRUPT DNA IE:
- RADIATION: UV LIGHT, X-RAYS
- CHEMICALS: NITROUS ACID
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MUTANT STRAIN
- SHOWS VARIANCE IN ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING
- MORPHOLOGY
- NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
- GENETIC CONTROL MECHANISMS
- RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
- TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE
- ANY TYPE OF ENZYMATIC FUNCTION
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MUTATION
- ANY CHANGE TO THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE IN THE GENOME
- MOSTLY NOTABLY WHEN IT LEADS TO A CHANGE IN PHENOTYPE
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PHENOTYPE
- THE EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN TRAITS
- (STRUCTURE OR FUNCTIONS)
- ALL ORGANISMS CONTAIN MORE GENES IN THEIR GENOTYPE THAN ARE MANIFESTED IN THE PHENOTYPE AT ANY GIVEN TIME
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PLASMID
- SMALL CIRCULAR PIECES OF DNA THAT CONTAIN THEIR OWN ORIGIN OF REPLICATION
- CAN REPLICATE INDEPENDENTLY OF BACTERIAL CHROMOSOMES
- FOUND IN MANY BACTERIA
- CONTAIN GENES THAT CONFER USEFUL TRAITS, SUCH AS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
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POLYRIBOSOME
- SINGLE mRNA IS LONG ENOUGH TO BE FED THROUGH MORE THAN ONE RIBOSOME
- PERMITS SYNTHESIS OF HUNDREDS OF PROTEIN MOLECULES FROM THE SAME mRNA TRANSCRIPT
- OCCURS ONLY IN PROKARYOTES, WHERE BOTH TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION OCCUR IN THE CYTOPLASM
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RECOMBINANT
THE BACTERIUM THAT RECEIVES DNA FROM ANOTHER BACTERIUM
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RECOMBINATION
AN EVENT IN WHICH ONE BACTERIUM DONATES DNA TO ANOTHER BACTERIUM
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REGULATORY GENES
CONTROL GENE EXPRESSION
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SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
CAREFUL ORCHESTRATION OF THE ACTIONS OF 30 DIFFERENT ENZYMES
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STRUCTURAL GENES
- CODE FOR PROTEINS
- CODE FOR RNA MACHINERY USED IN PROTEIN PRODUCTION
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TRAITS
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES THAT ARE HANDED DOWN FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING
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TRANSFECTION
EUKARYOTIC PROCESS SIMILAR TO TRANSFORMATION, (ABSORBING GENETIC MATERIAL FROM THE ENVIRONMENT), USED TO FORM GENETICALLY MODIFIED YEASTS, PLANTS, AND MICE
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WILD TYPE STRAIN
A MICROORGANISM THAT EXHIBITS A NATURAL, NONMUTATED CHARACTERISTICS
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