TERMS CHAP 6-8

ORGANISMS THAT GROW BEST IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENTS

ORGANISMS THAT GROW BEST IN ALKALINE ENVIRONMENTS

COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN FREE LIVING SPECIES

THE PRODUCTION OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS DESIGNED TO DESTROY OR INHIBIT OTHER MICROBES IN THE SAME HABITAT

LIVE IN UNDER PRESSURE FROM A FEW - 1000 TIMES ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE  IE: DEEP SEA MICROBES

ORGANISMS THAT GROW BEST AT HIGHER CO2 LEVELS

THE RANGE OF TEMPS FOR THE GROWTH OF A GIVEN MICROBIAL SPECIES

A CLUSTER OF MACROMOLECULES THAT COME FROM A SINGLE CELL

ONE PARTNER RECEIVES BENEFITS WHILE THE OTHER PARTNER IS NOT HARMED NOR BENEFITS FROM THE RELATIONSHIP

MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES DOWN THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

CAN SWITCH FROM USING O2 TO USING CO2 FOR METABOLISM

INCREASES THE POPULATION BY A FACTOR OF 2

THE TIME IT TAKES TO CREATE A NEW GENERATION

PREFER ENVIRONMENTS WITH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SALT

SOLUTE CONCENTRATION IS HIGHER INSIDE THE CELL THAN OUTSIDE THE CELL

SOLUTE CONCENTRATION IS LOWER OUTSIDE THE CELL THAN INSIDE THE CELL

SIMPLE MOLECULE MADE UP OF ATOMS OTHER THAN CARBON OR HYDROGEN

SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS ARE THE SAME INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE CELL

NEEDED IN LARGE QUANTITIES, PLAY MAJOR PART IN CELL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM  C,H,O

HIGHEST TEMP A MICROBE CAN GROW AND METABOLIZE IN

"TRACE ELEMENTS" SMALLER AMOUNTS INVOLVED IN ENZYME FUNCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE Mn, Zn, Ni

LOWEST TEMP A MICROBE CAN GROW AND METABOLIZE IN

ORGANISMS LIVE IN OBLIGATORY RELATIONSHIP BUT BOTH BENEFIT FROM IT

HAS TO HAVE THE RIGHT CONDITIONS, NUTRIENTS AND HOST IN ORDER TO GROW

THE BEST TEMP FOR FASTEST GROWTH AND METABOLISM RATES

SIMPLE ORGANIC MOLECULES THAT CONTAIN CARBON AND HYDROGEN AND ARE THE PRODUCTS OF LIVING THINGS

LIVE IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH HIGH SOLUTE CONCENTRATION

THE DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH A SELECTIVELY, DIFFERENTIAL OR PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

PRESSURE CAUSED BY THE DIFFERENCE IN THE AMOUNTS OF SOLUTE BETWEEN SOLUTIONS THAT ARE SEPARATED BY A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

DERIVE NUTRIENTS FROM A LIVING HOST AND CAUSE HARM

HOST PROVIDES HABITAT AND NUTRIENTS TO MICROBE AND IS HARMED IN SOME WAY BECAUSE OF IT

MICROORGANISM THAT CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO TISSUES OR EVEN DEATH

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 ORGANISMS LIVING TOGETHER

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 ORGANISMS THAT IS MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL BUT NOT NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL

MANY CELLS IN CULTURE IN DEATH PHASE STAY ALIVE BUT ARE DORMANT

THE PROCESS OF BUILDING LARGER MACROMOLECULES FROM SMALLER ONES USING ATP

PROTEIN PORTION OF A CONJUGATED ENZYME

THE PROCESS OF BREAKING DOWN LARGER MACROMOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES USING ATP

A SUBSTANCE THAT PROMOTES A CHEMICAL REACTION BY LOWERING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY WITHOUT ITSLEF BEING CHANGED IN THE END

ORGANIC COFACTOR MOLECULES

INORGANIC ELEMENTS (METAL IONS)

REACTIONS ARE DRIVEN FORWARD WITH THE ADDITION OF ENERGY

CATALYST THAT INCREASE CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED OR DESTROYED

REACTIONS RELEASE ENERGY, MAKING IT AVAILABLE FOR CELLULAR WORK

CONJUGATED ENZYMES MADE OF PROTEIN AND NON-PROTEIN MOLECULES

ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND PHYSICAL WORKING OF THE CELL

WHEN A COMPOUND LOSES ELECTRONS

WHEN A COMPOUND GAINS ELECTRONS

REACTANT MOLECULES ACTED ON BY AN ENZYME, HAVE UNIQUE ACTIVE SITES ON THE ENZYMES THAT FIT ONLY THAT SUBSTRATE

DISCRETE CELLULAR STRUCTURE COMPOSED OF A NEATLY PACKAGED DNA MOLECULE

CELLS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF ACCEPTING GENETIC MATERIAL

THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF HEREDITY RESPONSIBLE FOR A GIVEN TRAIT IN AN ORGANISM

THE STUDY OF INHERITANCE

• SUM TOTAL OF GENETIC MATERIAL OF AN ORGANISM
• MOSTLY CHROMOSOMES

• THE SUM OF ALL GENE TYPES
• AN ORGANISM'S DISTINCTIVE GENETIC MAKEUP

THE TRANSMISSION OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES FROM PARETN TO OFFSPRING

• PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS THAT DISRUPT DNA IE:
• RADIATION: UV LIGHT, X-RAYS
• CHEMICALS: NITROUS ACID

• SHOWS VARIANCE IN ONE OR  MORE OF THE FOLLOWING
• MORPHOLOGY
• NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
• GENETIC CONTROL MECHANISMS
• RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
• TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE
• ANY TYPE OF ENZYMATIC FUNCTION

• ANY CHANGE TO THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE IN THE GENOME
• MOSTLY NOTABLY WHEN IT LEADS TO A CHANGE IN PHENOTYPE

• THE EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN TRAITS
• (STRUCTURE OR FUNCTIONS)
• ALL ORGANISMS CONTAIN MORE GENES IN THEIR GENOTYPE THAN ARE MANIFESTED IN THE PHENOTYPE AT ANY GIVEN TIME

• SMALL CIRCULAR PIECES OF DNA THAT CONTAIN THEIR OWN ORIGIN OF REPLICATION
• CAN REPLICATE INDEPENDENTLY OF BACTERIAL CHROMOSOMES
• FOUND IN MANY BACTERIA
• CONTAIN GENES THAT CONFER USEFUL TRAITS, SUCH AS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

• SINGLE mRNA IS LONG ENOUGH TO BE FED THROUGH MORE THAN ONE RIBOSOME
• PERMITS SYNTHESIS OF HUNDREDS OF PROTEIN MOLECULES FROM THE SAME mRNA TRANSCRIPT
• OCCURS ONLY IN PROKARYOTES, WHERE BOTH TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION OCCUR IN THE CYTOPLASM

THE BACTERIUM THAT RECEIVES DNA FROM ANOTHER BACTERIUM

AN EVENT IN WHICH ONE BACTERIUM DONATES DNA TO ANOTHER BACTERIUM

CONTROL GENE EXPRESSION

CAREFUL ORCHESTRATION OF THE ACTIONS OF 30 DIFFERENT ENZYMES

• CODE FOR PROTEINS
• CODE FOR RNA MACHINERY USED IN PROTEIN PRODUCTION

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES THAT ARE HANDED DOWN FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING

EUKARYOTIC PROCESS SIMILAR TO TRANSFORMATION, (ABSORBING GENETIC MATERIAL FROM THE ENVIRONMENT), USED TO FORM GENETICALLY MODIFIED YEASTS, PLANTS, AND MICE

A MICROORGANISM THAT EXHIBITS A NATURAL, NONMUTATED CHARACTERISTICS