Instrumentation and Analytical Principles

What type of assay encompasses a number of immunochemical techniques used to detect an extremely small amount of analyte (functions as antigen) by reacting it with an antibody (functions as reagent) to form and antigen-antibody complex?

How do immunoassays dectect analytes?

What increases the specificity of the immunoassay procedure?

What is the term for antibodies produced in an animal from many cell clones in response to an immunogen; heterogeneous mixture of antibodies?

What is the term for antibodies produced from a single clone or plasma cell line; homogeneous antibodies?

What are immunoassays used to quantify?

What assay is based on the competition between an unlabeled antigen (sample analyte) and a labeled antigen for an antibody?

What assay requires that the free labeled antigen be physically removed from the labeled antigen bound to the antibody?

Name some examples of Heterogeneous assays

What assays do NOT require the physical removal of free labeled antigen from bound-labeled antigen?

What were the original labels used for immunoassays and what were they called?

What are commonly used labels for immunoassays - today?

What assay technique is a homogeneous immunoassay where the sample analyte (functions as unlabeled antigen) competes with the enzyme-labeled antigen for the binding sites on the antibody?

What assay is based on measuring the degree to which fluorescence intensity is greater in one plane than in another (polarized versus depolarized)?

Is FPIA (fluorescent polarization immunoassay) heterogeneous or homogeneous and how does it work?

What does FPIA detect, polarized or depolarized light?

What is true about proportions and FPIA?

What is measured using FPIA?

What assay uses a technique between antigen and antibody that employs a chemiluminescent indicator molecule such as isoluminol and acridinium ester as labels for antibodies and haptens?

What assay is a homogeneous technique that is an adaptation of the chemiluminescent immunoassay?

What assay uses an indicator label such as ruthenium in sandwich and competitive immunoassays?

What do some instruments have that detect the amount of serum or plasma in the tube?

What do some systems have that allows a bar-coded sample tubes to be loaded onto the instrument?

How are dry reagents generally packaged and how are they reconstituted?

What technique is employed by the Vitros analyzers when dealing with dry reagents?

Where does the mixing of the sample and reagents occur in?

What are the most common reaction temperatures used in testing?

What assay is the determines sample concentration where it is based on change in absorbance over time?

What assay is incubated for a specific time, absorbance determined, absorbance related to calibrators for calculation of sample concentration?

What part of most automated instruments has a data management system that allows analysis of quality control (QC) materials and assessment of patient values (i.e. delta checks) before releasing patient results?

What is the term for when centrifugal force moves samples and reagents into cuvet areas for simultaneous analysis?

What is the term for when each sample reaction is compartmentalized?

What is the term for when you are able to perform individual tests or panels, and allow for stat samples to be added to the run ahead of other specimens?

What is the term for when samples are processed as a group?

What is the term for when an instrument from a single dicipline with automated capability? 

What is the term for when an instrument from a single dicipline has additional internal automated capability (i.e. auto-repeat and auto-dilute)?

What is the term for when at least two instruments from a single discipline with one controller?

What is the term for when the instrument is able to perform tests from at least two diciplines?

What is the term for when at least two analytical modules are supported by one sample and reagent processing and delivery system?

What is the term for something that transports specimens quickly from one location to another?

What is the term for when the maximum number of tests are generated per hour?

What is the term for the amount of time needed to generate one result?

What is the term for the mechanism for patient/sample identification; used for reagent identification by an instrument?

What is the term for the amount of serum that cannot be aspirated?

What is the term for the contamination of a sample by a previously aspirated sample?

What is the term for the use of preliminary test results to determine if additional tests should be ordered or cancelled on a particular specimen; performed manually or automated?

What is the term for an automated systems that exist for laboratories where samples are received, centrifuged, distributed to particular instruments using a conveyor system, and loaded into the analyzer without operator assistance?