BIO Host defenses

large phagocytic cells hat wander through the interstitial fluid and "eat" bacteria and virus-infected cells that they encounter

the engulfing and destroying of foreign substances by forming a vacuole that fuses with a lysosome

• innate = non-specific
• acquired = specific

• 1st = surface protection
• 2nd = cellular and chemical system (immediate is microbe gets past 1st line)
• 3rd = specific defenses (unique for each microbe)

innate/non-specific (your born with this)

3rd line

• physical
• chemical
• phagocytic defenses
• inflammatory defenses

• sebaceous glands
• saliva (lysozyme)
• low pH of skin
• wax in ears
• intact skin
• cilia in trachea
• sweat
• mucous
• defecation
• urination

• innate
• skin
• mucous membranes
• chemicals

• chemical (innate)
• phagocytosis
• complement
• interferon
• inflammation
• fever

cells that live in the dermis and can phagcytize foreign bodies

microbes become stuck and are washed away

mucous membranes in resp tract, eyes, GI system

• Respiratory tract
• BREATH THROUGH YOUR NOSE

where cilia beat upward in the respiratory tract

• blood
• empty stomach
• urine
• lymphatics

normal micorbiota make is difficult for pathogens to compete

not phagocytes they attack cancer cells and virus infected cells by releasing chemicals that promote programmed cell death

proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist viruses

a group of about 30 different proteins that circulate in an inactive form in th blood and can act together with other defense mechanisms

• what damaged cells release to incite inflammatory response
• IT dilates vessels and makes them leakier allowing plasma and WBC to leak into th area

whit blood cells egulfing bacteria and dying in the process

• an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response
• high fever and low BP

• involved in innate and acquired immune response
• returns tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fights infection

fluid in the lymph system

any foreign molecuel that elicits an acquired immune response

immune system proteins that are released in response to antigen rlease

blood - extracellular fluid - reticuloendothelial system - lymphatics - blood

• basophil - mold, pollens, allergic reactions
• neutrophil - fight bacterial infections
• eosinophil - worms

• monocytes - (viruses)
• macrophages -
• lymphocyte - (viruses)

non-specific

NO

• basophil
• nutrophil
• eosinophil
• moncyte
• macrophage

lymphocytes

• Neutrophil then lymphocytes are biggest population in blood
• basophils and eosinophils are lowest

Yes they can release various toxins and other mechanisms

defend themselves from phagocytosis

determine things that are self or non-self

meningitis

food poisoning

• flesh eating disease
• strep throat

• acid fast bacteria
• causes tuberculosis

nonspecific response to tissue damage

vasodilation

attract blood cells

release histamine

• membrane attack complex
• pokes holes in membranes of pathogens which causes lysis

• proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens
• they allow communication between cells to trigger the protective defense of the immune system.