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Personal Control
confidence that we have some control over the events that shape our lives
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Internal locus of control
believe we control our own lives
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External locus of control
believe luck, fate, or acts of others determine our lives
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Hardiness
- cluster of stress-buffering traits
- consists of commitment, challenges, and control
- linked to lower levels of anxiety and adaptive coping styles
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Selye's general adaptation syndrom (G.A.S.) Model
- alarm reaction
- resistance stage
- exhaustion stage
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Alarm Reaction of G.A.S. Model
- sympathetic nervous system activated to defend against stress
- fight-or-flight response activated
- adrenaline increases heart rate and blood pressure
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Resistance Stage of G.A.S. Model
- organism adapts to the stressor
- normal on outside but physiologically not normal on inside
- could cause neurological and hormonal changes if resistance stage is long
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Exhaustions Stage of G.A.S. Model
- final stage of stress resistance
- activation of the parasympathetic part of autonomic nervous system
- person is physically and mentally exhausted
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Lazarus's view of stress
- it is the individual's perception of the psychological situation that defines stress, not the event itself
- transaction position states that stress is the relationship between person and environment
- one's appraisal of the situation is important in the response
- the situation must be seen as threatening, challenging, or harmful
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Sources of stress
- Cataclysmic: 9/11 attacks, hurricanes
- Major life events: college, marriage
- Daily Hassles: concerns about weight, health, appearance
- Environmental: noise, crowding (population density)
- Overload: work, role (juggling multiple roles at once)
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