BIO 003 QUIZ2

•The large molecules that compose life are known as macromolecules. 

• • Examples of macromolecules are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic
• acids.

• Macromolecules may be composed of several
• smaller identical / similar molecular units known as monomers

• Cells link
• monomers together to form a polymer accompanied by the elimination of water, by
• a process known as dehydration synthesis.

• cells breakdown
• macromolecules (eg during digestion) with the help of water. This process is
• known as hydrolysis.

• Synthesis of carbohydrates begins with carbon fixation that occurs in photosynthesis. Most carbohydrates are forms by chemical steps that modify glucose.

• • Carbohydrates are
• made up of monomers known as monosaccharides / single unit sugars.
• Example: Glucose and Fructose.

• •A carbohydrate
• composed of two monosaccharides is known as a disaccharide, i.e. 

•             Glucose
• + Glucose = Maltose

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

CARBOHYDRATE

• Polysaccharides
• are long chains of sugar units.
• polysaccharide. Examples are: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose and Chitin.Each
• of the four differs in some way.

POLYSACCHARIDE

POLYSACCHARIDE

• MADE FROM HYDROCARBONS: Hydrocarbons are mainly
• Hydrogen and carbon.  This makes them
• insoluble in water. Lipids include fats, oils waxes, phosholipids and steroids

• Proteins are
• made up of 20 kinds of amino acids in various combinations

• Nucleic Acids are made up of monomeric units
• called ‘nucleotides’
• There are two nucleic acids,. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).