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synarthroses
immovable joints --- skull
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amphiarthroses
slightly movable joints -- ribcage and sternum
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diarthroses
freely movable joints -- elbow, fingers, wrists, ect...
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synostoses
a completely ossified, fused joint
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synovial joint
freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity; also called a diarthroses
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synovial fluid
- fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
- lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages
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menisci
- articular discs
- fibrocartilage that separates articular surfaces to improve "fit" of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear
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flexion
decreases angle of joint
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extension
increase angle of joint
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hyperextension
- excessive extension beyond normal range of motion
- ex-- bending finger backwards
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abduction
movement away from midline
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adduction
movement toward midline
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circumduction
- involves flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction of limb
- limb describes cone in space
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rheumatoid arthritis (RA): summary
chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease
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osteoarthritis (OA): summary
- common, irreversible, degenerative arthritis ("wear and tear")
- probably related to normal aging process
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