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Physiological ways to measure stress
- blood pressure
- heart rate
- skin response
- epinephrine or cortisol levels
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Non-physiological ways to measure stress
- Self reports like...
- Daily stress inventory: goal is to determine the occurrence of daily stressors and the experience of symptoms
- Weekly stress inventory: goal is to assess minor stressors or "hassles" for the time span of a week
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Type A personality
- high strung
- reacts to stress in a significantly higher way than type B's
- more at rist of developing heart problems
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Type D personality
- more negative
- 'D' stands for "distressed"
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Immune Dificiency
inadequate immune response
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Causes of immune dificiency
- drug treatment side effect (chemotherapy)
- naturally: immune sys not fully developed, allergies, autoimmune disease (lupus, MS), transplant rejection
- As a result of a virus (AIDS)
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Psychoneuroimmunology
focuses on the interactions among behavior, the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system
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Diasthesis-stress Model
- susceptibility an individual has to stress or illness
- determined either by....
- predisposing factors (in the person): genetic vulnerability or acquired personality traits or...
- precipitating factors (from the environment): traumatic experiences
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Direct effect of stress on disease
- through nervous, endocrine, and immune systems
- could become compromised, allowing for disease to develop
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Indirect effect of stress on disease
- through changes in health practices
- stress tends to be related to increases in drinking, smoking, drug use, and sleep problems
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