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Polymers consisting of chains of amino acids linked together. They are very important and play a role in almost every biological function
Proteins
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an organic compound
that contains an amino group and a carboxylate group in ionic form
amino acid
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What re the 4 classifications of amino acids? What are these classifications based on?
- non-polar
- polar but neutral
- acidic
- basic
- These classifications are based on the side chains
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Are the 20 common amino acids alpha or beta amino acids?
Alpha (because the amino group is linked to the carbon attached to the COO- group)
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Are most amino acids in L or R form?
L (NH3 group is on the left)
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a dipolar ion that carries both a negative and a positive charge
zwitterion
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Are amino acids amphoteric?
Yes, they can act as either an acid or a base
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the characteristic pH of an amino acid where there is no net charge (molecules have
equal positive and negative charges)
isoelectric point
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a carboxylic group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group from a second amino acid
peptide formation
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compound formed from 2 amino acids are bonded by an amide linkage
dipeptide
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an amino acid polymer of short chain length
peptide
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an amino acid chain of intermediate length (~ 50 amino acids)
polypeptide
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a long chain amino acid polymer of more than 50 amino acids
protein
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an amino acid that is part of a peptide, polypeptide or protein chain
amino acid residue
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an amino acid on the end of the chain that has an unreacted, free amino group
N-terminal residue
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an amino acid on the end of a chain that has an unreacted, free carboxylate group
C-terminal residue
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Made up of long rod-shaped / string-like molecules that intertwine to form fibers
Water insoluble (eg. skin, hair, nails, fur, spider webs)
Structural proteins (eg. collagen, elastin, keratin)
Fibrous Protein
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More spherical; either dissolves in water or forms a stable suspension
Transport proteins (eg. enzymes, hemoglobin)
Moved through the body by the circulatory system
Globular protein
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A protein made up of only amino acid residues
simple protein
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a protein made up of amino acid residues and other organic or inorganic components
conjugated protein
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the non-amino acid group of a conjugated protein (may be metals, lipids or carbohydrates)
prosthetic group
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a chemical or physical agent that destroys the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure,
but leaves the primary structure intact
denaturization
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heating of a peptide or protein in the presence of acid or base to break into smaller peptides or
amino acids
protein hydrolysis
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Protein Infections particle
Transmissible agents that do NOT contain DNA/RNA
prion
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The order of amino acid residues that make up a protein chain
Primary Structure
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Give two examples of secondary structures
- Alpha helix
- Beta pleated sheet
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What type of bonds are involved in the secondary structure of a protein?
hydrogen bonds
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The following types of interactions are involved in the ___ structure of a protein:
Disulfide bridges
Salt bridges
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
Metal Ion coordination
Tertiary
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Does a peptide bond rotate?
No, peptide bonds are planar (because the double bond flips between oxygen and nitrogen)
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Denaturation by reduction typically involves reducing ____ to _____
cystine to cysteine
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Does denaturation break the primary structure of a protein?
No
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Does a quaternary structure involve multiple proteins?
Yes
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