The flashcards below were created by user
hollyerichsen
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Chemistry is a department that uses:
- Chemical
- analysis to monitor health and disease
-
Sample used in chemistry department is
Usually serum or plasma, can be urine, CSF or other bodily fluids
-
Chemical levels are used to
- Diagnose and treat disease by comparing the patients’ results to normal
- range
-
Most reports are reported quantitatively which means:
A number, not pos or neg
-
Tests performed in chemistry can be ordered in
Groups
-
Single test example
Glucose, cholesterol
-
Group of chemical types example
Lipids, electrolytes
-
Organ
system test group example
Liver, thyroid, or renal function
-
Insurance/Medicare grouping of tests example
- Basic
- metabolic profile or comprehensive metabolic profile
-
Automated instruments in some PoL’s are for
Tests that are moderately complex
-
Principle used in several benchtop models
Reflectance photometry
-
Reflectance photometry works by
- Reflecting light off the chemical pad; where the amount of chemical is
- greater, the amount of light reflected is greater where the reaction occurred
-
Every instrument comes with
An operator manual
-
Things to be familiar with (pertaining to instruments in the chem lab)
- How to calibrate and safely, correctly operate the instrument, the
- model #, serial # and how to contact the manufacturer
-
Controls can be 3 different what
Levels or ranges
-
Three ranges controls can be
Normal, abnormal high, abnormal low
-
How many levels of controls CLIA says you have to run daily (if running
test on patient sample)
Two
-
CLIA requirements in PoL
- Two levels of control, Calibrate every 6 months (document), Action logs
- must be kept on problems with QC or instruments, how they are corrected
-
QC cannot tell you
- If sample was collected properly, processed properly, transported under
- proper conditions
-
Fasting specimen
Only water for 12 hours, meds okay unless interferes with test
-
Fasting specimen good for
Lipids, glucose
-
Random specimen
Anytime, food does not affect results
-
Medication specimen: Trough
-
Medication specimen: Peak
- Right
- after a dose is given
-
Medication specimen: Timed
A certain # of hours after a dose is given
-
Post prandial specimen
- After
- a meal is completed, usually 2 hours
-
Post prandial specimen typically used for
Glucose
-
Lipids are called what
Fats
-
Elevation of lipids add to risk of
Obesity, heart attack
-
Lipids come from what 2 sources to make up
Total cholesterol
-
What makes endogenous lipids?
Liver, genetically controlled
-
What makes exogenous lipids?
Foods you eat
-
Needed to determine lipid level
Blood test
-
Elevated cholesterol, higher risk of
Coronary Heart Disease
-
Cholesterol makes what on the walls of your arteries
White, waxy fat lines
-
Condition of cholesterol lining the walls of arteries
Atherosclerosis
-
Atherosclerosis
HDL plus LDL
-
Test done for cholesterol
Lipid Profile
-
HDL stands for
High Density Lipoproteins
-
High or low HDL good?
High
-
HDL good or bad cholesterol?
Good
-
What do HDL do?
Take cholesterol from tissues to liver to be broken down
-
LDL stands for
Low Density Lipoprotein
-
High or low LDL good?
Low
-
LDL
good or bad cholesterol?
Bad
-
What do LDL do?
Sticks to blood vessel walls
-
Normal ranges for TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
30-200 mg/dL
-
Borderline high risk for TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
200-239 mg/dL
-
High risk range for Coronary Heart Disease (TOTAL CHOLESTEROL)
>240 mg/dL
-
Normal
range for HDL
40-60 mg/dL
-
Better-than-normal range for HDL
60mg/dL
-
HDL level that indicates an increased risk of CHD
<40 mg/dL
-
Normal range for LDL
<130 mg/dL
-
LDL level that indicates an increased risk of CHD
>130 mg/dL
-
Four causes of high TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
Atherosclerosis, hypothyroidism, obstructive jaundice, nephrosis
-
Atherosclerosis, hypothyroidism, obstructive jaundice, nephrosis
Malabsorption, anemia, hyperthyroidism, liver disease
-
Patient prep for cholesterol testing includes
12 hour fasting
-
Triglyceride is the main form of what
Lipid storage in humans
-
Triglyceride makes up 95% of what
Fat (adipose tissue)
-
Fat (adipose tissue)
Atherosclerosis
-
Desirable range of triglycerides in normal adults
<150 mg/dL
-
Level of triglycerides affected by
Foods
-
What sample gives most accurate triglyceride results?
Fasting
-
Really high triglyceride levels cause plasma/serum to appear what color?
What is it called?
Milky, lipemic
-
Triglyceride level, along with obesity and high cholesterol that causes
risk of atherosclerosis
>150
-
Low triglycerides could be caused by these two things
Hyperthyroidism, malnutrition
-
Two tests of kidney function
BUN, Creatinine
-
BUN stands for
Blood Urea Nitrogen
-
What does BUN test for?
Levels of urea in blood
-
What happens to excess amino acids in the body?
Converted to urea
-
Where are they filtered from the blood?
Glomerulus
-
When glomeruli aren’t functioning, what happens to urea?
It builds up in the blood
-
Uremia is what?
Toxic condition of too much urea buildup in blood
-
Toxic condition of too much urea buildup in blood
Dialysis
-
Normal range for BUN
7-25 mg/dL
-
-
> 25 mg/dL BUN test can be due to one of these 5 things
- High protein diet, steroids, dehydration, kidney disease/failure,
- kidney obstruction (tumor, kidney stone)
-
< 7 mg/dL BUN test can be due to one of these 5 things
- Starvation, pregnancy, low protein diet, liver failure, impaired absorption
- of the amino acids that are converted to urea
-
Creatinine is a
Waste product of creatine phosphate
-
Creatinine is stored
In muscle
-
Creatinine is used for
Energy
-
Normal range of Creatinine in normal adults
0.6-1.5 mg/dL
-
Sample used for Creatinine
Random serum/plasma
-
> 1.5 mg/dL result on Creatinine test can be due to 1 of these 6
things
- Muscle disease, renal disease, water imbalance, shock, nephritis,
- obstruction (like kidney stone)
-
< 0.6 mg/dL result on Creatinine test can be due to
Muscular dystrophy
|
|