-
Frontalis
- Head - facial expression
- Raises eyebrows
-
Occipitalis
- Head - facial expression
- Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
-
Orbicularis oculi
- Head - facial expression
- Closes eyes
-
Zygomaticus - major and minor
- Head - facial expression
- Raises lateral corners of mouth upward
-
Orbicularis oris
- Head - facial expression
- Closes mouth
-
Masseter
- Head - mastication
- Prime mover of jaw closure
-
Temporalis
- Head - mastication
- Closes jaw
-
Platysma
- Neck - anterior, superficial
- Tenses skin of neck
-
Sternocleidomastoid
- Neck - anterior, superficial
- Flexion of neck forward
- Rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side
-
Pectoralis major
- Thorax/shoulder - anterior
- Prime mover of arm flexion
- Adducts, medially rotates arm
-
Serratus anterior
- Thorax/shoulder - anterior
- Protract and hold scapula forward toward chest wall
- Rotates scapula
-
Deltoid
- Thorax/shoulder - anterior
- Acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction
-
Pectoralis minor
- Thorax/shoulder - anterior
- With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferiorly
-
External intercostals
- Thorax - anterior
- Pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage
-
Internal intercostals
- Thorax - anterior
- Draws ribs together to depress rib cage
-
Diaphragm
- Thorax - anterior
- Prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction
-
Rectus abdominus
- Abdominal wall - anterior
- Flexes and rotates vertebral column
-
External oblique
- Abdominal wall - anterior
- Compress abdominal wall
- trunk rotation and lateral flexion
-
Internal oblique
- Abdominal wall - anterior
- Compress abdominal wall
- Trunk rotation and lateral flexion
-
Transverse abdominis
- Abdominal wall - anterior
- Compresses abdominal contents
-
Trapezius
- Neck - posterior
- Raises, rotates and adducts scapula and stabilizes it
-
Latissimus dorsi
- Trunk - posterior
- Prime mover of arm extension
- Adducts and medially rotates arm
-
Infraspinatus
- Shoulder - posterior
- Lateral rotation of humerus
-
Supraspinatus
- Shoulder - posterior
- Initiates abduction of humerus
-
Teres minor
- Torso - posterior
- Lateral rotation of humerus
-
Teres major
- Upper torso - posterior
- Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus
-
Rhomboids major & minor
- Torso - posterior
- Stabilizes scapula
-
Erector spinae
- Torso - posterior
- Extend and bend the vertebral column laterally
- Fibers of the longissimus also extend head
- Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
-
Quadratus lumborum
- Torso - posterier, inferior
- Each flexes vertebral column laterally
-
Triceps brachii
- Arm - humerus
- #11
- Powerful forearm extensor
-
Biceps brachii
- Arm - humerus
- #7
- Flexion (powerful) of elbow and supination of forearm
-
Brachioradialis
- Arm - humerus
- #13
- Synergist in forearm flexion
-
Brachialis
- Arm - humerus
- #8
- Under biceps
- A major flexor of forearm
-
Palmaris longus
- Arm - forearm, superficial
- #18
- Tenses skin and fascial of palm
-
Extensor digitorum
- Arm - forearm, posterior
- #24
- Prime mover of finger extension
-
Iliopsoas
- Iliacus
- Psoas major
- Pelvis
- Flex trunk on thigh
- Flex thigh
- Lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas)
-
Sartorius
- Pelvis
- Flexes, abductions and laterally rotates thigh
- Flexes knee
-
Gracilis
- Thigh - medial compartment
- Adducts thigh
- Flexes and medially rotates leg
-
Rectus femorus
- Quadriceps femoris
- Thigh - anterior compartment
- Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
-
Vastus lateralis
- Quadriceps femoris
- Thigh - anterior compartment
- Extends and stabilizes knee
-
Vastus medialis
- Quadriceps femoris
- Thigh - anterior compartment
- Extends knee
-
Vastus intermedius
- Quadriceps femoris
- Thigh - anterior compartment
- Extends knee
-
Tensor fasciae latae
- Thigh - anterior compartment
- Steadies trunk
-
Gluteus maximus
- Thigh - origin on pelvis
- Powerful thigh extensor
-
Gluteus medius
- Thigh - origin on pelvis
- Abducts and medially rotates thigh
-
Biceps femoris
- Hamstrings
- Thigh - posterior
- Extends thigh
- Flexes knee
-
Semitendinosus
- Hamstring
- Thigh - posterior
- Extends thigh
- Flexes knee
-
Semimembranosus
- Hamstring
- Thigh - posterior, above knee
- Extends thigh
- Flexes knee
-
Fibularis longus (peroneus)
- Calf - lateral
- Plantar flexes and everts foot
-
Tibialis anterior
- Calf - anterior
- Prime mover of dorsiflexion
-
Gastrocnemius
- Calf - posterior, superficial
- Triceps surae
- Plantar flexes foot when knee is extended
-
Soleus
- Calf - posterior, superficial
- Triceps surae
- Plantar flexion
-
Achilles/calcaneal tendon
Posterior aspect (heel)
-
Synaptic cleft
Small, fluid-filled gap between neuron and muscle fiber
-
Junction between axon (nerve fiber) and muscle cell
Neuromuscular junction
-
Fibrous Joints
- No joint cavity
- Synarthrotic (no movement, most) or amphiarthrotic (slight movement)
- Connected by fibrous tissue
- Sutures (connected by short connective tissue fibers) or syndesmoses (connected by short ligaments of dense fibrous tissue)
- Skull, tibia/fibula - distal end,
-
Cartilaginous Joints
- No joint cavity
- Amphiarthrotic (slight movement)
- Connected by plate/pad of cartilage
- Synchondroses (connected by hyaline cartilage) and symphyses (connected by broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage)
- Sternocostal, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
-
Synovial Joints
- Joint cavity
- Diarthrotic (freely moveable)
- Articular capsule (double layered, connective tissue)
- Synovial membrane (smooth connective tissue) - inner layer of articular capsule
- Fibrous capsule (dense, irregular connective tissue) - outer layer of articular capsule
- Articular cartilage - covers bone sides of joints
-
Types of synovial joints
- Hinge (temporomandibular, elbow, finger, knee, ankle, toe)
- Pivot (radioulnar, atlas/axis)
- Ball & Socket (hip, shoulder)
-
Muscle heirarchy
Muscle -> fascicle -> muscle fiber (cell) -> myofibril -> sarcomere
-
-
Perimysium
Wraps fascicle
-
Endomysium
Wraps individual muscle fibers (cells)
-
Agonist
Muscles primarily responsible for producing a particular movement
-
Antagonist
Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
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