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Culture
Beliefs and values about how a community of people should and do act
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Culture Influences on OB (6)
- 1)Economic/Technological Setting
- 2)Political/Legal Setting
- 3)Ethnic Background
- 4)Religion
- 5)Societal culture(customs,language)
- 5)Values/Ethics(attitudes,assumptions,expectations)
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Ethnocentrism
Belief that one's native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior.
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Cultural Intelligence
The ability to interpret ambiguous cross-cultural situations accurately
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High-Context Cultures
- Primary meaning derived from nonverbal situational cues.
- -cues like position, status, or family connections more powerful than words
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Low-Context Cultures
Primary meaning derived from written and spoken words
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9 Global Dimensions from GLOBE Project
- 1)Power Distance
- 2)Uncertainty Avoidance
- 3)Institutional Collectivism
- 4)In-Group Collectivism
- 5)Gender Egalitarianism
- 6)Assertiveness
- 7)Future Orientation
- 8)Performance Orientation
- 9)Humane Orientation
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Individualistic Culture
Primary emphasis on personal freedom and choice
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Collectivist Culture
Personal goals less important than community goals and interests
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Monochronic Time
Belief that time is limited, precisely segmented, and schedule driven
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Polychronic Time
Belief that time is flexible, multidimensional, and based on relationships and situations
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Proxemics
Hall's term for the study of cultural expectations about interpersonal space
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Cross-Cultural Management
Understanding and teaching behavioral patterns in different cultures
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Hofstede Study: How well do US mgmt. theories apply in other countries?
- 1)power distance
- 2)Individualism/Collectivism
- 3)Masculinity/Femininity
- 4)Uncertainty Avoidance
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Countries have Different Mgmt. Styles (3)
- 1)Monitoring:how well do co.'s monitor inside for continuous improvement.
- 2) Targets:set right targets, track right outcomes, take appropriate action
- 3)Incentives:are co.'s rewarding employees
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Expatriate
Anyone living or working in a foreign country
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Cross-Cultural Training
Structured experiences to help people adjust to a new culture/country
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Foreign Assignment Cycle (4)
- 1)Selection+Training:unrealistic expectations
- 2)Arrival+Adjustment:culture shock
- 3)Setting in+Acculturating:lack of support
- 4)Returning home+Adjusting:Reentry shock
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Culture Shock
Anxiety and doubt caused by an overload of new expectations and cues
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