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angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
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ather/o
fatty / lipid paste
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varic/o
swollen, twisted vein
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ventricul/o
ventricle ( belly or pouch )
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atrium
upper right or left chamber of the heart
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endocardium
membrane lining the cavities of the heart
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epicardium
membrane forming the outer layer of the heart
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interatrial septum
partition between the right and left atria
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interventricular septum
partition between the right and left ventricles
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myocardium
heart muscle tissue
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pericardium
protective sac enclosing the heart, composed of two layers with fluid between
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visceral pericardium
layer of pericardium that is closest to heart
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parietal pericardium
outer layer of pericardium
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pericardial cavity
fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers
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ventricle
lower right or left chambers of the heart
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heart valves
structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood
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aortic valve
heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
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mitral valve
bicuspid - heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
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pulmonary semilunar valve
heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
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tricuspid valve
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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valves of the veins
valves located at intervals within the lining of the veins, especially in the legs. They constrict with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart
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arteries
vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles
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aorta
large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system, branches from the left ventricle
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arterioles
small vessels that join arterioles and venules
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venules
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
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veins
vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
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systemic circulation
circulation of blood throughout the body
via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
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coronary circulation
circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels
to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
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pulmonary circulation
circulation of blood form the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchgange of gases
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diastole
to expand
period during the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles, from the atria
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systole
to contract
period during the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery
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normotension
normal blood pressure
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hypotension
low blood pressure
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hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressure
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flow of electrical impulse through heart muscle
- from sinoatrial (SA) node
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- to atrioventricular (AV) node
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- to bundle of His
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- to left and right bundle branches
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- to Purkinje fibers
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effect of electrical impulse on heart muscle cell
- cell at resting state ( polarized )
- to contraction state ( depolarized )
- back to resting state by recharging ( repolarizing )
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sinoatrial SA node
- pacemaker
- highly specialized, neurological tissue impeded in the wall of the Right Atrium
- responsible fo initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node
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Atrioventricular AV node
nuerological tissued in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from SA node to the bundle of His
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bundle of His
neurological fibers extending from the AF node to the right and left branches that fire the impulse from the AF node to the Purkinje fibers
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Purkinje fibers
per-kin-jee
fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract
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polarization
resting, resting state of myocardial cell
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depolarization
- change of myocardial cell from a polarized / resting state to a state of contraction
- de = not
- polarization = resting
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repolarization
recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state
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normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
- regular rhythm of the hear cycle stimulated by the SA node
- average rate of 60 - 100 beats per minute
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aneurysm
a widening / a bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or artery, caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness
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saccular aneurysm
a sac-like bulge on one side
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fusiform aneurysm
a spindle shaped bulge
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dissecting aneurysm
split or tear of the vessel wall
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angina pectoris
- chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to the the heart muscle.
- often caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries
- angina = "to choke"
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arteriosclerosis
thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification ( hardening ) of arterial walls
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atherosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of fatty substances that harden within the walls of the arteries
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atheromatous plaque
a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat / lipids
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claudication
- to limp
- pain in a limb (especially calf) while walking, that subsides after rest
- caused by inadequate blood supply
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constriction
compression of a part that causes narrowing
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diaphoresis
profuse sweating
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embolus
a clot (air, fat, foreign object) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs the flow of blood when in lodges
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heart murmur
an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves
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infarct
- to stuff
- a localized area of necrosis (dead tissue) caused by ischemia, resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel
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ischemia
- to hold back blood
- decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
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perfusion deficit
lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc
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occlusion
plugging, an obstruction or closing off
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palpitation
subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats
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stenosis
condition of narrowing of a part
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thrombus
stationary blood clot
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vegetation
- to grow
- an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of an infection
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acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
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