-
Crackles (rales)
abnormal breath sound
fine crackling or bubbling sounds; commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli
associated with bronchitis, pneumonia, and heart failure.
-
friction rub
abnormal breath sound
dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation.
-
ronchi
abnormal breath sound
loud, coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration that is caused by obstructed airways.
-
stridor
abnormal breath sound
high-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration that is caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
characteristic of Upper respiratory disorder called croup
-
wheezes
abnormal breath sound
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration, that are caused by narrowing of an airway.
asthma, croup, hay fever, emphysema
-
acidosis
excessive acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate
caused by high levels of CO2 in the body
-
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
respiratory insufficiency marked by progressive hypoxia...restrictive lung disease that follows severe infection or trauma in young and previously healthy individuals
severe inflammatory damage that causes abnormal permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Alveoli fill with fluid, which interferes with gas exchange.
-
anoxia
total absence of oxygen in body tissues
-
atel-
incomplete; imperfect
-
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue, preventing respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2
caused by obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lung from tumor
-
consolidation
process of becoming solid, especially in connection with the lungs
-pathological engorgement of lung tissues that occurs in acute pneumonia
-
coryza (cold)
acute inflammation of nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge
-
croup
acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
-
cystic fibrosis
genetic disease of exocrine glands characterized by excessive secretions of thick mucus that do not drain normally, causing obstruction of passageways (including pancreatic and bile ducts and bronchi)
leads to chronic airway obstruction, recurrent respiratory infection, bronchiectasis and respiratory failure
-
empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax)
result of primary infection in lungs
-
epiglottitis
acute form: life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area that occurs most commonly in children ages 2-12
classic form: sudden fever, dysphagia, inspiratory stridor, and severe respiratory distress
-
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose
-
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
-
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
decreased oxygen = cyanosis
-
influenza
contagious infection; fever chills, headache and muscle pain
-
lung cancer
pulmonary malignancy (cigarette smoking)
metastasizes rapidly
-
pertussis
acute infectious disease characterized by a 'whoop' sounding cough (aka whooping cough)
DPT immunization prevents
-
pleural effusion
abnormal presence of fluid in pleural cavity.
could be blood (hemothorax), serum (hydrothorax) or pus (pyothorax). Surgery to remove excess fluid (thoracentesis, thoracocentisis)
-
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung.
see picture
-
ABG
arterial blood gas
measurement of O2 and CO2 content of arterial blood by various methods
accesses adequacy of ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base balance
-
bronchoscopy
visual examinatyion of the interior bronchi using a bronchoscope (flexible fiberscopic instrument with a light, which can be inserted through the nose or mouth)
-
chest x-ray
radiograph of the chest taken from the AP, PA or lateral projections
diagnoses atelectasis, tumors, pneumonia, emphysema, and many other lung diseases
-
CT
computed tomography
uses narrow beam of x-rays that rotate in a full arc around the patient to acquire mulitple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part
detects lesions in lungs & thorax, blood clots, and pulmonary embolism (PE)l. may or may not have a contrast medium
-
MRI
uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
-
pulmonary function test (PFT)
variety of tests to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently
-
forced vital capacity (FVC)
pulmonary function test
measures amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled from the lungs after the deepest inhalation
-
forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
measures volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled during the first second of measuring FVC
-
spirometry
pulmonary function test
spiro: to breathe
measurement of FVC adn FEV1, producing a tracing on a graph
-
postural drainage
use of body positioning to assist in removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
-
bronchodilators
drugs used to increase airflow by dilating constricted airways through relaxation of the smooth muscles that surround the bronchioles and bronchi
treat asthma, emphysema, COPD. Often has a spacer
-
corticosteroids
hormonal agents that reduce tissue edema and inflammation associated with chronic lung disease
-
NMT
therapy that uses a device to produce a fine spray that delivers medication directly into the lungs
|
|