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What did Plato/Socrates believe about the mind and knowledge?? How did they arrive at this conclusion??
-The mind is separable from the body and the mind goes on after death.
-All knowledge is innate(Born with us)
-Using logic
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What did Aristotle believe about knowledge?? How did he arrive at this conclusion??
-knowledge grows from experiences, stored as memories.
-Using observations
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What role did Francis Bacon play in the development of modern psychology??
-Francis Bacon established the modern scientific method
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Who coined the term "tabula rasa"?? and what does it mean??
-John Locke
-Blank slate
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What is empiricism??
Relying on observations and experimentation.
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Who is considered the "father of psychology"?? and what did he do to earn this term??
-Wilhelm Wundt
-First lab with human subjects
-Cataloged sensations and reactions
-First to approach as a science rather than a philosophy.
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Who founded structuralism?? What is structuralism??
-Edward Bradford Titchener
-The search for elements of the mind.
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What is introspection?? Why did introspection fail along with structuralism??
-Self reflection along with sensations, subjects expressed images and feelings.
-Unreliable from person to person.
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Who started Functionalism?? What is it?? Who influenced this idea??
-William James
-Senses are adaptive in order to function and survive.
-Charles Darwin
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What is behaviorism?? List the two most notable behaviorists.
-Focus on observable behavior(sensations are not observable)
-John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
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What is humanism?? Name two noteworthy humanists.
-The study of how the environment influences the potential for growth and the needs for love and acceptance.
- Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
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What is cognitive psychology/cognitive neuroscience??
-The focus on the brain and the ways we perceive process, and remember information.
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How would you best describe the Darwinian influence??
-The process of natural selection of traits for behaviors and thought processes.
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What is the biopsychosocial approach??
-an amalgamation of the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural approaches.
-"Eclecticism"
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What does the term "Gestalt" refer to??
-The tendency to piece together bits of information in order to form and meaningful big picture of sorts.
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Sigmund Freud
-Founder of psychoanalysis/the psychodynamic approach.
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Charles Darwin
-Theory of evolution
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Jean Piaget
-Important early studies on children and development.
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Mary Whiton Calkins
- -First female APA president
- -earn PhD from Harvard(Denied on basis of gender)
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Dorothea Dix
-Activist
-Sought government funding for asylums and hospitals for the insane.
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Ivan Pavlov
-Physiologist
-Principles of classical conditioning
-Pavlov's dogs
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John B. Watson
-Behaviorist
-Mold a child into anything
-Little Albert
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Margaret Floy Washburn
-First Female PhD
-Animal behavior
-Motor Theory: Thought can be traced to body movements.
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G. Stanley Hall
-Evolutionary psychology: inherited behavior.
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William James
-Founder of functionalism.
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Psychometrics
-Measuring abilities, attitudes and traits.
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Developmental psychologists
-Changes from birth to death.
-"Womb to Tomb"
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Educational psychologists
-Influences and methods of teaching and learning.
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Personality psychologists
-Study personality traits
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Social psychologists
-Study how we view and affect one another
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Industrial-organizational psychologists
-Select and train employees, boost moral and productivity.
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Counseling psychologists
-Crises, challenges, marital issues, etc.
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Clinical psychologists
-Help people with psychological disorders
-Use psychotherapy
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Psychiatrists
-Have a M.D.
-Psychotherapy and prescribe medicine(psychopharmacology)
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