Anatomy and Physiology skull and trunk muscles

Covers forehead, elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin horizontally
*facial nerve VII
*O-epicranial aponeurosis
*I-skin of eyebrows and root of nose

covers occipital bone, pulls scalp posteriorly
*facial nerve VII
*O-occipital and temporal bones
*I-epicranial aponeurosis

Deep to the orbicularis oculi, pulls eyebrows medially and inferiorly (wrinkles forehead vertically as in frowning)
*facial nerve VII
*O-arch of frontal bone above nasal bone
*I-skin of eyebrow

circular muscle surrounding rim of eye; blinking, squinting, closes eye
*facial nerve VII
*O-frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit
*I-tissue of eyelid

extends diagonally from zygomatic bone to the skin and muscle at corner of mouth; raiser lateral corners of mouth (smiling) PM
*facial nerve VII
*O-zygomatic bone
*I-skin and muscle at corner of mouth

slender muscle inferior and lateral to the zygomaticus; draws corner of lip laterally, tenses lips (synergist of zygomaticus)
*facial nerve VII
*O-lateral fascia associated w/masseter muscle
*I-skin at angle of mouth

opens lips,raises and furrows (wrinkles) upper lip
*facial nerve VII
*O-zygomatic bone & ifnraorbital margin of maxilla
*i-skin and muscle of upper lip

pulls lower lip inferiorly, pouting
*facial nerve VII
*O-body of mandible lateral to its midline
*I-skin and muscle of lower lip

lateral to depressor labii inferioris,pulls corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally (tragedy mask)
*facial nerve VII
*O-body of mandible incisors 
*I-skin & muscle at the angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus

circular multilayered muscle of lips, closes lips; kissing and whistling muscle
*facial nerve VII
*O-arises indirectly from the maxilla and mandible
*I-encircles mouth, inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth

deep to masseter muscle, compresses cheeks inward against teeth as in whistling or sucking through a straw; begins swallowing along with the tongue
*facial muscle VII
*O-molar region of maxilla and mandible
*I-orbicularis oris

on anterior chin, protrudes lower lip, wrinkles the chin
*facial VII
*O-mandible below incisors
*I-skin of chin

prime mover in mastication, strongest muscle in the human body
*trigeminal nerve V
*O-zygomatic arch anc zygomatic bone
*I-angle and ramus of mandible

synergistic to masseter,elevates mandible, maintains position of mandible at rest
*trigeminal nerve V
*0-temporal fossa
*I-coronoid process of manible by tendon

synergistic to masseter, lateral excursion (grinding, side to side, chewing)
*trigeminal nerve V

superficial neck flexor, rotates and laterally flexes the neck landmark
*accessory nerve (cranial XI)
*cervical spinal nerves C-2 and C-3
*O-manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle 
*I-mastoid process of temporal bone

located laterally on neck, deep to platysma and sternocleidomastoid;neck flexor and rotate the neck, elevates the first 2 ribs(aid in inspiration)
*cervical spinal nerves C-2 and C-3
*O-transverse process of cervical vertebrae
*I-anterolaterally on first 2 ribs

muscles that for the floor of the oral cavity, muscles of swallowing

muscles of swallowing and speaking

most superficial muscle of posterior thorax; stabilizes, elevates, retracts and rotates scapula
*accessory nerve (cranial XI) C-3, C-4

Flat, triangular muscle of the lumbar region;Prime Mover of arm extension, powerful arm adductor, medially rotates arm at shoulder.
*Thoracodorsal nerve C-6-C-8

deep to trapezius; elevates and adducts scapula
*cervical spinal nerves, dorsal scapula nerves C-3-C-5
*O-transverse processes of C-1-C-4
*I-medial border of scapula 

deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae; retracts scapula (squares the shoulders)
*dorsal scapular nerves C-4 and C-5

inferior and lateral to infraspinatus, partially superficial; synergistic to the latissimus dorsi; extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus
*lower subscapular nerve C-6 and C-7

together the muscles extend the head and neck, unilateral head and neck rotation and laterally flexion to same side
*cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Deep back muscle; extends vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite side
*spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

muscle that forms part of the posterior abdominal wall; lateral flexion,maintains posture,assists forced inspiration
*T-12 and upper lumbar nerves (venteral rami)

3 groups of long, deep muscles that are prime movers for back extension ( arching back)
*spinal nervers (dorsal rami)

deep to trapezius, located on posterior aspect of scapula; initiates abduction, helps prevent downward dislocation of the humerus.
*suprascapular nerve C-5-C-7
*O-supraspinous fossa of scapula
*I-superior part of greater tubercle of humerus

Deep posterior muscle, primarily a stabilizer muscle, helping to hold head of humerus against glenoid cavity of scapula
*suprascapular nerve C-5-C-7
*O-infraspinous fossa of scapula
*I-greater tubercle of humerus

forms part of the posterior wall of the axilla, chief medial rotator of humerus, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
*subscapular nerves C-3-C5
*O-subscapular fossa of scapula
*I-lesser tubercle of humerus

deep muscle that lies inferior to infraspinatus and preforms the same actions as infraspinatus
*axillary nerver
*O-lateral border of dorsal scapular surface 
*I-greater tubercle of humerus 

superficial muscle that covers the shoulder, prime mover of arm abduction
*axillary nerve c-5 and c-6

muscle covering superior portion of chest, prime mover of arm flexion also rotates arm medially and adducts arm against resistance
*lateral and medial pectoral nerver C-5-C-8 and T-1

deep to pectoralis major, pulls scapula inferiorly and anteriorly
* medial and lateral pectoral nerves C-6-C-8

muscle that lies deep to scapula, inferior to pectoralis major  (boxer muscle) pushing and punching also important in abduction of arm
*long thoracic nerve C-5-C-7

Flexes and rotates trunk (8 pack, used in sit ups and curls) 
*intercostal nerves T-6 or T-7-T12