-
Upper respiratory tract includes...
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea
-
Lower respiratory tract includes...
left and right bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and the lungs
-
-
-ectomy
excision, removal
-
laryng/o (3)
larynx (voice box)
-
-scope
instrument for examining
-
nas/o, rhin/o (used in surgical terms)
nose
nasal, rhinorrhea
-
pharyng/o (2)
pharynx (throat)
-
tonsill/o
tonsils
peritonsillar:pertaining to area surrounding the tonsils
-
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
-
-stomy
forming an opening (mouth)
tracheostomy; creation of an opening into the trachea
-
alveol/o
alveolus (alveoli)
-
bronchi/o, bronch/o
bronchus (bronchi)
- bronchiectasis: dialiation of a bronchus or bronchi
- -ectasis: dilation, expansion
bronchoscope: curved, flexible tube with a light for visual examination of the bronchi
-
-
-
pneum/o, pneumon/o
air, lung
pneumectomy: excision of all or part of a lung
ia: condition
pneumonia: acute inflammation and infection of aveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
-
-
-
-
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
-
atel:
incomplete; imperfect
-
-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
-
-
-
-phagia
swallowing, eating
-
-
-spasm
involuntary contraction, twitching
-
-
-
para-
near, beside, beyond
-
paranasal sinuses
hollow spaces within the skull that open into the nasal cavities. They are lined with ciliated epithelium, which is continuous with the mucosa of the nasal cavities
-
nose bleed
rhin/o/rrhagia
-
swallowing air
aer/o/phagia
-
-
-stenosis
stricture or narrowing
-
nasal cavity (1)
where fine hairs catch many dust particles that we inhale
-
epiglottis
superior to the larynx; closes off the pharynx during swallowing so that food is directed into the esophagus
-
trachea
cylindrical tube composed of smooth muscle embedded with a series of 20 C-shaped rings of cartilage. The trachea extends downward into the thoracic cavity where it divides to form right and left primary bronchi
(inverted tree)
-
right and left primary bronchi
extension of trachea; each bronchus enters a lung and continues to subdivide into increasingly finer, smaller branches known as bronchioles
-
-
-
alveoli (alveolus)
small clusters of air sacs in the lungs. Each alveolus is surround by pulmonary capillaries
-
Respiration
process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells
-
External respiration
occurs when we inhale; results in gas exchange (O2 loading, CO2 unloading) between air-filled chambers of the lungs and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
-
Internal (cellular) respiration
exchange of gases (O2 unloading & CO2 loading) between the blood and body tissue cells. Occurs in body tissues when O2 (carried in blood from the lungs to nourish the body's cells) is exchanged for CO2. The CO2 travels in the bloodstream to the lungs and is exhaled through the mouth or nose.
-
-centesis
surgical procedure
-
pleura
double-folded membrane enclosing lung
-
-
inflammation of pleura
pleurisy & pleuritis
-
-
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
-
-
-
CPAP machine
Continuous positive airway pressure
used to treat sleep apnea
-
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
-
-
phren/o
diaphragm or mind
-
phreno/ptosis
prolapse or downward displacement of the diaphragm
-
intercostal muscles
between adjacent ribs
-
movement of diaphragm during inspiration and exhalation
inspiration: descends
exhalation: ascends
-
muc/o
myc/o
muc/o: mucus
myc/o: fungus
-
pneumonia
lung inflammation caused by bacteria, a virus, or chemical irritants.
-
PCP
pneumocystis pneumonia; caused by a fungus
compromised immune system; associated with AIDS
-
emphys/o, -ema
emphysema
inflate; state of, condition
chronic disease characterized by overexpansion and destruction of alveoli (commonly associated with cigarette smoking).
-
COPD
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- -partial obstruction of bronchi & lungs
- -3 major: asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
-
Chronic bronchitis
- inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchial airways
- -increased mucus production resulting in a chronic productive cough
-
metastasize
spread to other parts of the body
-
asthma
narrowed bronchial tubes and swollen mucous membranes
-
Tuberculosis (TB)
- infectious disease, produces small lesions
- (tubercles), in the lungs
can infect bones and organs of body
(AIDS)
-
-
atel/0
incomplete, imperfect
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
-
-
-
-graphy
process of recording
-
-phagia
swallowing, eating
-
-
-
-
|
|