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Name any five accessory digestive organs
Teeth, tounge, gallbaldder, salivary glands, liver, pancrease
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Contraction and relaxation of muscles of GI track leads to movements called_______.
Peristalsis
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Process of mixing food with digestive enzymes is by a process called________.
Segmentation
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Elimincation of waste from the GI track is called______.
Defecation
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Give three examples of retroperitoneal organs of the GI track.
Pancrease, large intestine, anal canal, duodenum
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Inflammation of the peritoneum can cause a disease called________.
Peritonitis
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Abdominal aorta arteries serve GI organs and this is called ______ circulation.
Splanchnic
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Name the 4 basic tunics.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularas, serosa
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Surface epithelium in the mucosa is lined by a connective tissue called______.
Lamina Propria
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Goblet cells are presented in_______.
Mucosa
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Segmentation and peristalsis is caused by the ______ tunic.
Muscularis externa
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The nerve supply between the 2 muscle layers in muscularis externa is_______.
Myenteric Plexus
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The protective outer layer of the GI tract is called________.
Serosa
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In esophagus serosa is replaced by fibrous connective tissue called______.
Adventia
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Both serosa and adventia can be foudn in________organs.
Retroperitoneal
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A mucosa lined cavity in the mouth is called______ cavity or ______cavity.
Oral, buccal
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Anterior opening of the mouth is called_______.
Oral orfice
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Walls of the mouth are lined by_________to withstand wear and tear.
Stratified squammous epithelium
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The muscle which forms the flesh of the lips is called_________.
Obicularis oris
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The muscle which forms the cheek is________.
Buccinator muscle
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The recess bounded by lips and cheeks and gum and teeth is called_______.
Vestibule
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Transitional keratinized zone: the place to kiss the lips is______.
Red Margin
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The median fold that joins the lip to the gum is called________.
Labial Frenulum
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Chewed food with salivia is called______.
Bolus
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The tounge is held down to the floor by a fold of mucosa called______.
Lingual Frenulum
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The smallest and most abundant papillae of tongue are ______ papillae.
Filiform
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Papillae at back of tongue arranged in "V" shaped row are_______papillae.
Circumvalate
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The groove separating the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 in oropharynx is________.
Sulcus Terminali
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Saliva is secreted by_______pairs of gland and they are_______.
- 3 Parotid pairs
- Mandibular and submandibular
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Inflammation of the parotid gland by viral infection causes a disease called______.
Mumps
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Watery secretion of the salivary glands is by________cells.
Serous
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The enzyme present in the saliva is________.
Amalyse
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Decrease in saliva leading to decomposing of food where bacteria grow leads to________.
Halitosis
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Teeth lie in sockets called________.
Alveoli
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Primary dentition of also called as ______ or _______.
Milk or deciduous teeth
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The late arrival tooth is ______or_______.
3rd molar or wisdom teeth
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The teeth adapted for cutting are______.
Incisors
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The teeth adapted for tearing and piercing are______.
Canines
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The teeth used for gridning and crushing food are______.
Molars and premolars
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Give the normal adult dental formula:
2I 1C 2PM 3M times 4= 32
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The dental formula of a child of 5 years old:
2I 1C 2M times 4= 20
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The hardest substance in the body is________.
enamel
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______ line pupl cavity and secrete dentin.
Odontoblasts
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Calcified outer surface of the root is called______.
Cementum
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Bone like material below the enamel forming the bulk portion of teeth is________.
Dentin
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Calcified unremoved plaque is called _____ or ______.
Tardar or Calculus
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Espophagus pierces the diaphragm at the juntion called______.
Esophagial hiatus
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Sphincter separating esophagus and stomach is______.
Cardiac or gasteresophageal
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The stomach protrudes above the diaphragm leading to abnormiality called
Haital hernai
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Salivary amylase digestes _____ into glucose.
Polysaccharides/Carbs
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Swallowing while inhaling leads to_____
coughing relfex
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Food in the stomach becomes creamy paste and is called
Chyme
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Longitudinal folds in the stomach mucosal wall are called
Rugae
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The gate keeper of the GI tract is
Pyloris sphincter
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HCl and Intrinsic factor are secreted by
oxyntic
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Pepsin is activited by
HCl
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Intrinsic factor helps in the absorption of
B-12
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Pepsinogen is secreted by the ____cells
Chief
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Name the 5 enteroendorcine cell secretions:
Gastrin, histamine, endorphines, serotonin, cholesystokinin, somatosatin
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Only this class of food is digested in the stomach
Protiens
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Children have this special enzyme called_____ to act on milk protein______.
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Vitamin B12 helps in the maturation of_____and B12 lack causes______.
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Excessive removal of HCO3 from blood is called
Alkaline tide
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The intrinsic ability of muscle to contract and relax is called
Plasticity
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A dynamic filter of the GI tract is_____
Pyloric Region
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Vomiting is regulared by_______center in_______portion of brain.
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The major process involved in the small intestine in_____
Absorption
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The retroperitoneal part of the small intestine is_____
Duodenum
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Ducts from the pancreas and liver join close to duodenum at
hepatopancreatic ampulla
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The sphincter at the junction of ducts from liver and duodenum is called
Sphincter of Oddi
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Deep permanent fold of mucosa and submucosa of small intestine are called
Plicae circulares
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Velvet like absorptive columnar cells of the mucosa in small intestine are
Villa
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Projections on the small intestine mucosa having a fuzzy appearance are
Microvilla
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Pits or openings between villa leads to tubular intestinal glands called
Crypts of lieberkyoon or intestine glands
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_____cells in the intestinal crypts prduce lysozyme to kills bacteria
Paneth
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Lymphoid nodules in the small intestinal submucosa are called
Peyers Patches
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Alkaline rich mucus is secreted in the small intestine by______
Doudenal glands or Brunner
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Storage organ for bile is_______
Gallbladder
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Largest gland in the GI tract is
Liver
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Name of 4 lobes of the liver
Right, Left, Caudate, Quadrant
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The ligament that seperates the right and the left lobes of the liver is called
Falciform ligament
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The remnant of the fetal umbilical vein associated with the liver is
Ligamentum Teres (Round Ligament)
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Gallbladder rest on______liver lobe
Right
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_____ cells inside the sinusoids of the liver removes debris.
Kuffer
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Bile salts are synthesized from______.
Cholesterol
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Name two bile salts
Cholic Acid and Chenodeocy cholic acid
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Bile salts are conserved in the body by______circulation.
enterohepatic
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The brown color of feces is due to
urobiliogen
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Bilirubin is the waster product of
heme protion of hemoglobin
-
Bilirubin is metabolized in small intestoine to form
urobilinogen
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_____released by intestinal cells stiumlate liver to secrete bile.
Sectretin
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The storage organ of bile juice is
gallbladder
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____stimultes gallbladder to release bile.
Cholesystokinin
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When cholesterol crystallizes_____are formed.
Gallstones
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Ultrasound treatment to break up gallstones
Lithiotripsy
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Deposition of pigment in blood and in skin causes
Jaundice
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Pancreatic juices are secreted by_____cells in the pancrease.
acinor
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Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by
enterokinase
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The majoir function of the large intestine is
water absorption
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The mass of lymphoid tissue and worm like strucutre attached to cecum is
appendic
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Peritonitis is caused by
Ruptured appendix
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The function of the 3 rectal folds is to separate _____ from _______
feces from flattus
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______veins are assoicated with anal canal.
hemmorhoidal
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Defication is faciliated by________maneuver
valsalva's
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If too much water is absorbed in the large intestine, it leads to
constipation
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Process of water molecule addition to break down chemical honds is______
Hydrolysis
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Pepsin cleaves two amino acid bonds at_______ and ______
Tryosine and phenylalanine
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The protein base enzyme present in children and not adults is_____
Renin
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___-region of the bile salts cling to fat aiding in emulsification
hydrophobic
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Lipids are absorbed into the cells by_____transport
Passive
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Adult celiac disease is a result of____by gluten in grains.
intestinal villi damage
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Mucosal tumors, which are the roots of colon cancer are called
polyps
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Inflammation of the GI tract causes
Gastroenteritis
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